Résumé
Bruley, E., B. Locatelli, and S. Lavorel. 2021. Nature’s contributions to people: coproducing quality of life from multifunctional landscapes. Ecology and Society 26(1):12. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12031-260112
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Enora Bruley , Bruno Locatelli , Sandra Lavorel
Publication : Ecology and Society
Date : 2021
Volume : 26
Issue : 1
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is driving global biodiversity decline and modifying ecosystem functions. Theory suggests that plant functional types that fix atmospheric nitrogen have a competitive advantage in nitrogen-poor soils, but lose this advantage with increasing nitrogen supply. By contrast, the addition of phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients may benefit such species in low-nutrient environments by enhancing their nitrogen-fixing capacity. We present a global-scale experiment confirming these predictions for nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae) across 45 grasslands on six continents. Nitrogen addition reduced legume cover, richness, and biomass, particularly in nitrogen-poor soils, while cover of non–nitrogen-fixing plants increased. The addition of phosphorous, potassium, and other nutrients enhanced legume abundance, but did not mitigate the negative effects of nitrogen addition. Increasing nitrogen supply thus has the potential to decrease the diversity and abundance of grassland legumes worldwide regardless of the availability of other nutrients, with consequences for biodiversity, food webs, ecosystem resilience, and genetic improvement of protein-rich agricultural plant species.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Pedro M. Tognetti , Suzanne M. Prober , Selene Báez , Enrique J. Chaneton , Jennifer Firn , Anita C. Risch , Martin Schuetz , Anna K. Simonsen , Laura Yahdjian , Elizabeth T. Borer , Eric W. Seabloom , Carlos Alberto Arnillas , Jonathan D. Bakker , Cynthia S. Brown , Marc W. Cadotte , Maria C. Caldeira , Pedro Daleo , John M. Dwyer , Philip A. Fay , Laureano A. Gherardi
Publication : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date : 2021
Volume : 118
Issue : 28
Catégorie(s)
#CEREEP #CNRS #ENSRésumé
Micro-organisms associated with plants provide essential functions to their hosts, and therefore affect ecosystem productivity. Agricultural intensification has modified microbial diversity in the soil reservoir and may affect plant–microbial recruitment. Weeds develop spontaneously in crop fields, and could influence micro-organisms associated with crop plants through a neighbourhood effect. We explore the effect of weed species on crop plant microbiota as potentially auxiliary plants that affect agricultural productivity. We combined field and controlled laboratory studies to analyse the neighbourhood effect of weeds on wheat root endospheric mycobiota (i.e. fungi within roots) and growth. First, we analysed the effect of weed species diversity and identity recorded in the neighbourhood of individual wheat plants on soil and wheat root mycobiota in the field. Second, we used a plant-matrix design in laboratory conditions to test the effect of weed identity (nine weed treatments) and their ability to transmit root mycobiota to wheat roots, and the resulting impact on wheat growth. In contrast to soil mycobiota, we demonstrated that wheat root endospheric mycobiota was influenced by the diversity and identity of weeds developing in their 1 m2 neighbourhood. Wheat root endospheric microbiota strongly differs in terms of richness and composition depending on the neighbouring weed plant species. Weed species transmitted from 13% to 74% of their root microbiota to wheat roots depending on weed identity in controlled conditions. Synthesis. Weed neighbours modified wheat plant performance, possibly as a result of competitive interactions and changes in microbiota. Our findings suggest that crop root mycobiota was variable and was modulated by their weed neighbourhood. Synergistic effects between mycobiota of crops and weeds could therefore contribute to soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Jie Hu , Claire Ricono , Paola Fournier , Samuel Mondy , Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse , Cendrine Mony
Publication : Journal of Ecology
Date : 2025
Volume : 111
Issue : 5
Pages : 994-1008
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #CNRS #EcoGenO #Université de RennesRésumé
Aim of study: We examined the impact of sustained partial throughfall exclusion on the functional performance of Buxus sempervirens L. in the understory of a Mediterranean evergreen forest. We further considered whether any impacts of throughfall exclusion were affected by light availability.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J Rodriguez-Calcerrada , M G Letts , V Rolo , S Roset , S Rambal
Publication : Forest Systems
Date : 2025
Pages : 12
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET PuechabonRésumé
Mountain social-ecological systems (SES) supply important ecosystem services that are threatened by climate change. In mountain SES there is a paradox between high community capacity to cope with extremes, and governance structures and processes that constrain that capacity from being realised. Climate adaptation that maintains livelihoods and supply of ecosystem services can catalyse this innate adaptive capacity if new adaptive governance arrangements can be created. Using the French Alps as a case study, we outline a participative framework for transformative adaptation that links adaptive capacity and governance to provide social innovation and ecosystem-based adaptation solutions for mountain SES. Grassland management was the main entry point for adaptation: bundles of adaptation services supplied by the landscape mosaic of biodiverse grassland types can maintain agricultural production and tourism and facilitate income diversification. Deliberate management for core adaptation services like resilient fodder production, erosion control, shade or aesthetic value generates co-benefits for future transformation ability. People activate bundles of adaptation services along adaptation pathways and realise benefits via co-production with other forms of capital including traditional knowledge or social networks. Common and distinctive adaptation services in each pathway create options for transformation if barriers from interactions between values and rules across scales can be overcome. For example conserving mown terraces which is a critical adaptation nexus reflects a complex interplay of values, markets and governance instruments from local to European scales. We conclude that increasing stakeholders capacity to mobilise adaptation services is critical for empowering them to implement adaptation to global change.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sandra Lavorel , Matthew J. Colloff , Bruno Locatelli , Russell Gorddard , Suzanne M. Prober , Marine Gabillet , Caroline Devaux , Denis Laforgue , Véronique Peyrache-Gadeau
Publication : Environmental Science & Policy
Date : 2025
Volume : 92
Pages : 87-97
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Céline Leroy , Jean-François Carrias , Bruno Corbara , Laurent Pélozuelo , Olivier Dézerald , Olivier Brouard , Alain Dejean , Régis Céréghino
Publication : Annals of botany
Date : 2025
Volume : 112
Issue : 5
Pages : 919-926
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Birgit Szabo , Rosanna Mangione , Matthias Rath , Andrius Pašukonis , Stephan A Reber , Jinook Oh , Max Ringler , Eva Ringler
Publication : Journal of Experimental Biology
Date : 2025
Volume : 224
Issue : 24
Pages : jeb243647
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Reintroductions inherently involve a small number of founders leading reintroduced populations to be prone to genetic drift and, consequently, to inbreeding depression. Assessing the origins as the genetic diversity and structure of reintroduced populations compared to native populations are thus crucial to foresee their future. Here, we aim to clarify the origins of the Alpine marmots reintroduced in the Pyrenees and to evaluate the genetic consequences of this reintroduction after almost 30 years without monitoring. We search for the origins and compare the genetic structure and the genetic variability of three reintroduced Pyrenean and eight native Alpine populations using pairwise genetic distances, Bayesian clustering method and multivariate analyses. Our results reveal that the Alpine marmots reintroduced in the Pyrenees originated both from the Northern and the Southern Alps, and that, despite these multiple origins, none of the current Pyrenean marmots are admixed. The reintroduction led to a strong genetic differentiation and to a decrease in genetic diversity. This pattern likely results from the small number of founders and the low dispersal capacities of Alpine marmots and thus, highlight the necessity to consider both genetic characteristics and natural history when reintroducing a species.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Coraline Bichet , Sandrine Sauzet , Laetitia Averty , Pierre Dupont , Mariona Ferrandiz-Rovira , Caterina Ferrari , Irene Figueroa , Marion Tafani , Célia Rézouki , Bernat C. López , Aurélie Cohas
Publication : Conservation Genetics
Date : 2016
Volume : 17
Issue : 5
Pages : 1157-1169
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
Hybridization and the consequent introgression of genomic elements is an important source of genetic diversity for biological lineages. This is particularly evident in young clades in which hybrid incompatibilities are still incomplete and mixing between species is more likely to occur. Drosophila paulistorum, a representative of the Neotropical Drosophila willistoni subgroup, is a classic model of incipient speciation. The species is divided into six semispecies that show varying degrees of pre- and post-mating incompatibility with each other. In the present study, we investigate the mitochondrial evolutionary history of D. paulistorum and the willistoni subgroup. For that, we perform phylogenetic and comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial genomes and draft nuclear assemblies of 25 Drosophila lines of the willistoni and saltans species groups. Our results show that the mitochondria of D. paulistorum are polyphyletic and form two non-sister clades that we name α and β. Identi fication and analyses of nuclear mitochondrial insertions further reveal that the willistoni subgroup has an α-like mitochondrial ancestor and strongly suggest that both the α and β mitochondria of D. paulistorum were acquired through introgression from unknown fly lineages of the willistoni subgroup. We also uncover multiple mito chondrial introgressions across D. paulistorum semispecies and generate novel insight into the evolution of the species.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Guilherme C. Baião , Daniela I. Schneider , Wolfgang J. Miller , Lisa Klasson
Publication : Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Date : 2025
Volume : 180
Pages : 107683
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Mediterranean forests represent critical areas that are increasingly affected by the frequency of droughts and fires, anthropic activities and land use changes. Optical remote sensing data give access to several essential biodiversity variables, such as species traits (related to vegetation biophysical and biochemical composition), which can help to better understand the structure and functioning of these forests. However, their reliability highly depends on the scale of observation and the spectral configuration of the sensor. Thus, the objective of the SENTHYMED/MEDOAK experiment is to provide datasets from leaf to canopy scale in synchronization with remote sensing acquisitions obtained from multi platform sensors having different spectral characteristics , spatial resolutions. Seven monthly data collections were performed between April and October 2021 (with a comple- mentary one in June 2023) over two forests in the north of Montpellier, France, comprised of two oak endemic species with different phenological dynamics (evergreen: Quercus ilex and deciduous: Quercus pubescens) and a variability of canopy cover fractions (from dense to open canopy). These collections were coincident with satellite multispectral Sentinel -2 data and one with airborne hyperspectral AVIRIS- Next Generation data. In addition, satellite hyperspectral PRISMA and DESIS were also available for some dates. All these airborne and satellite data are provided from free online download websites. Eight datasets are presented in this paper from thirteen studied forest plots: specialIntscript overstory and understory inventory, specialIntscript 687 canopy plant area in- dex from Li-COR plant canopy analyzers, specialIntscript 1475 in situ spectral reflectances (oak canopy, trunk, grass, limestone, etc.) from ASD spectroradiometers, specialIntscript 92 soil moistures and temperatures from IMKO and Campbell probes, specialIntscript 747 leaf -clip optical data from SPAD and DUALEX sensors, specialIntscript 2594 in -lab leaf directional -hemispherical reflectances and transmittances from ASD spectroradiometer coupled with an integrating sphere, specialIntscript 747 in -lab measured leaf water and dry matter content , additional leaf traits by inversion of the PROSPECT model and specialIntscript UAV-borne LiDAR 3-D point clouds. These datasets can be useful for multi -scale and multi -temporal calibration/validation of high level satellite vegetation products such as species traits, for current and future imaging spectroscopic missions, and by fusing or comparing both multispectral and hyperspectral data. Other targeted applications can be forest 3-D modelling, biodiver- sity assessment, fire risk prevention and globally vegetation monitoring. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs K. Adeline , J. B. Feret , H. Clenet , J. M. Limousin , J. M. Ourcival , F. Mouillot , S. Alleaume , A. Jolivot , X. Briottet , L. Bidel , E. Aria , A. T. M. Defossez , T. Gaubert , J. Giffard-Carlet , J. Kempf , D. Longepierre , F. Lopez , T. Miraglio , J. Vigouroux , M. Debue
Publication : DATA IN BRIEF
Date : 2024
Volume : 53