Résumé
Predicted increases in drought frequency and severity may change soil microbial functioning. Microbial resistance and recovery to drought depend on plant community characteristics, among other factors, yet how changes in plant diversity modify microbial drought responses is uncertain. Here, we assessed how repeated drying-rewetting cycles affect soil microbial functioning and whether tree species diversity modifies these effects with a microcosm experiment using soils from different European forests. Our results show that microbial aerobic respiration and denitrification decline under drought but are similar in single and mixed tree species forests. However, microbial communities from mixed forests resist drought better than those from mono-specific forests. This positive tree species mixture effect is robust across forests differing in environmental conditions and species composition. Our data show that mixed forests mitigate drought effects on soil microbial processes, suggesting greater stability of biogeochemical cycling in mixed forests should drought frequency increase in the future.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Lauren M. Gillespie , Nathalie Fromin , Alexandru Milcu , Bruno Buatois , Clovis Pontoizeau , Stephan Hättenschwiler
Publication : Communications Biology
Date : 2020
Volume : 3
Issue : 1
Pages : 1-12
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #CNRS #Ecotron de MontpellierRésumé
INTRODUCTION: The selection of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) who may benefit from targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been a challenge, even more so now with the advent of new therapies. Hilar fat infiltration (HFI) is a validated prognostic factor in nonmetastatic ccRCC (TNM 2009 staging system) but has never been studied in metastatic patients. We aimed to assess its phenotype and prognostic effect in patients with metastatic ccRCC treated with first-line sunitinib.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a multicentric study, we retrospectively included 90 patients and studied the corresponding ccRCC at the pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular levels. Patient and tumor characteristics were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. All the features were then studied by Cox models for prognostic effect.
RESULTS: HFI was found in 42 patients (46.7%), who had worse prognosis (Heng criteria) (P = 0.003), liver metastases (P = 0.036), and progressive diseases at first radiological evaluation (P = 0.024). The corresponding ccRCC was associated with poor pathological prognostic factors that are well known in nonmetastatic ccRCC. For these patients, median progression-free survival was 4 months vs. 13 months (P = 0.02), and median overall survival was 14 months vs. 29 months (P = 0.006). In a multivariate Cox model integrating all the variables, only poor prognosis, according to the Heng criteria and HFI, remained independently associated with both progression-free survival and overall survival.
CONCLUSION: HFI was demonstrated for the first time to be an independent poor prognostic factor. Its potential role in predicting resistance to antiangiogenic therapy warrants further investigation.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Solène-Florence Kammerer-Jacquet , Angelique Brunot , Karim Bensalah , Boris Campillo-Gimenez , Mathilde Lefort , Sahar Bayat , Alain Ravaud , Frantz Dupuis , Mokrane Yacoub , Gregory Verhoest , Benoit Peyronnet , Romain Mathieu , Alexandra Lespagnol , Jean Mosser , Julien Edeline , Brigitte Laguerre , Jean-Christophe Bernhard , Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
Publication : Urologic Oncology
Date : 2017
Volume : 35
Issue : 10
Pages : 603.e7-603.e14
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #EcoGenO #Université de RennesRésumé
Small mammal population outbreaks are one of the consequences of socio-economic and technological changes in agriculture. They can cause important economic damage and generally play a key role in food webs, as a major food resource for predators. The fossorial form of the water vole, Arvicola terrestris, was unknown in the Haute Romanche Valley (French Alps) before 1998. In 1998, the first colony was observed at the top of a valley and population spread was monitored during 12 years, until 2010. Spread occurred as a high population density wave. Based on farming history (1810–2003, 193 years) and spatio-temporal analysis of crop rotations, our study indicates that this water vole population outbreak has been promoted by the presence of grassland corridors that increase hayfield connectivity. These corridors appeared as a result of the conversion of cropped fields to hay meadows where water vole outbreaks have occurred. Spatial mosaic management for grasslands with decreasing spatial connectedness should be considered to prevent vole outbreak risks and promote biodiversity.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Guillaume Halliez , François Renault , Eric Vannard , Gilles Farny , Sandra Lavorel , Patrick Giraudoux
Publication : Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 212
Pages : 198-206
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
To ensure their quality of life, people adapt to multiple changes by maintaining or transforming the structure and functions of their socio-ecological systems (SES). A better understanding of mechanisms underpinning SES adaptation, especially the contribution of changes in human–nature interactions, is crucial to facilitate adaptation to future challenges. Using a chronosystemic timeline and based on literature, archives and local knowledge of inhabitants, we explored the past trajectory of a mountain SES (Pays de la Meije, French Alps) since 1900 by analysing drivers, impacts and responses. We hypothesised that adaptation has occurred through changes in the co-production of nature’s contributions to people (NCP). We identified four historical periods of combined changes in agriculture and tourism with associated changes in NCP. Results show which and how drivers of changes have influenced NCP co-production, how NCP have been mobilised in adaptive responses and how human and natural capitals involved in NCP co-production have been reconfigured for adaptation. We show that drivers of change have been mainly exogenous and out of the control of local actors, like public policies, markets and consumption patterns. These drivers can directly impact the capitals involved in NCP co-production like amount of workforce, knowledge or skills, creating not only threats but also opportunities for the livelihood of the local community. Depending on the intensity of capital reconfiguration and the type of NCP involved, adaptive responses range from resistance to transformation of the governance system and socio-economic sectors. This analysis highlights existing path dependencies that could hinder future adaptation.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Enora Bruley , Bruno Locatelli , François Vendel , Agnès Bergeret , Nicolas Elleaume , Julia Grosinger , Sandra Lavorel
Publication : Regional Environmental Change
Date : 2021
Volume : 21
Issue : 2
Pages : 34
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs A Samaké , A Bonin , J.-L. Jaffrezo , P Taberlet , S Weber , G Uzu , V Jacob , S Conil , J M F Martins
Publication : Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Date : 2020
Volume : 20
Issue : 9
Pages : 5609–5628
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #eDNAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Thibaut Delsinne , Gontran Sonet , Zoltán T Nagy , Nina Wauters , Justine Jacquemin , Maurice Leponce
Publication : Invertebrate systematics
Date : 2025
Volume : 26
Issue : 6
Pages : 457-469
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Max Ringler , Rosanna Mangione , Andrius Pašukonis , Gerhard Rainer , Kristin Gyimesi , Julia Felling , Hannes Kronaus , Maxime Réjou-Méchain , Jérôme Chave , Karl Reiter
Publication : Journal of Maps
Date : 2025
Volume : 12
Issue : 1
Pages : 26-32
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Eva Ringler , Georgine Szipl , Ryan J Harrigan , Perta Bartl‐Binder , Rosanna Mangione , Max Ringler
Publication : Molecular ecology
Date : 2023
Volume : 27
Issue : 9
Pages : 2289-2301
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Understanding the influence of the environment on the functional structure of ecological communities is essential to predict the response of biodiversity to global change drivers. Ecological theory suggests that multiple environmental factors shape local species assemblages by progressively filtering species from the regional species pool to local communities. These successive filters should influence the various components of community functional structure in different ways. In this paper, we tested the relative influence of multiple environmental filters on various metrics of plant functional trait structure (i.e. ‘community weighted mean trait’ and components of functional trait diversity, i.e. functional richness, evenness and divergence) in 82 vegetation plots in the Guisane Valley, French Alps. For the 211 sampled species we measured traits known to capture key aspects of ecological strategies amongst vascular plant species, i.e. leaf traits, plant height and seed mass (LHS). A comprehensive information theory framework, together with null model based resampling techniques, was used to test the various environmental effects. Particular community components of functional structure responded differently to various environmental gradients, especially concerning the spatial scale at which the environmental factors seem to operate. Environmental factors acting at a large spatial scale (e.g. temperature) were found to predominantly shape community weighted mean trait values, while fine-scale factors (topography and soil characteristics) mostly influenced functional diversity and the distribution of trait values among the dominant species. Our results emphasize the hierarchical nature of ecological forces shaping local species assemblage: large-scale environmental filters having a primary effect, i.e. selecting the pool of species adapted to a site, and then filters at finer scales determining species abundances and local species coexistence. This suggests that different components of functional community structure will respond differently to environmental change, so that predicting plant community responses will require a hierarchical multi-facet approach.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Francesco de Bello , Sandra Lavorel , Sébastien Lavergne , Cécile H. Albert , Isabelle Boulangeat , Florent Mazel , Wilfried Thuiller
Publication : Ecography
Date : 2025
Volume : 36
Issue : 3
Pages : 393-402
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Ifigenia Urbina , Oriol Grau , Jordi Sardans , Olga Margalef , Guillermo Peguero , Dolores Asensio , Joan LLusià , Romà Ogaya , Albert Gargallo‐Garriga , Leandro Van Langenhove
Publication : Ecology and Evolution
Date : 2023