Résumé
Soil mixing and the downward movement of solid matter in soils are dynamic pedological processes that strongly affect the vertical distribution of all soil properties across the soil profile. These processes are affected by land use and the implementation of various farming practices, but their kinetics have rarely been quantified. Our objective was to investigate the vertical transfer of matter in Luvisols at long-term experimental sites under different land uses (cropland, grassland and forest) and different farming practices (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage). To investigate these processes, the vertical radionuclide distributions of 137Cs and 210Pb (xs) were analyzed in 9 soil profiles. The mass balance calculations showed that as much as 91±9% of the 137Cs was linked to the fine particles (≤2μm). To assess the kinetics of radionuclide redistribution in soil, we modeled their depth profiles using a convection–diffusion equation. The diffusion coefficient represented the rate of bioturbation, and the convection velocity provided a proxy for fine particle leaching. Both parameters were modeled as either constant or variable with depth. The tillage was simulated using an empirical formula that considered the tillage depth and a variable mixing ratio depending on the type of tillage used. A loss of isotopes due to soil erosion was introduced into the model to account for the total radionuclide inventory. All of these parameters were optimized based on the 137Cs data and were then subsequently applied to the 210Pb (xs) data. Our results show that the 137Cs isotopes migrate deeper under grasslands than under forests or croplands. Additionally, our results suggest that the diffusion coefficient decreased with depth and that it remained negligible below the tillage depth at the cropland sites, below 20cm in the forest sites, and below 80cm in the grassland sites.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs M. Jagercikova , O. Evrard , J. Balesdent , I. Lefèvre , S. Cornu
Publication : Soil and Tillage Research
Date : 2014
Volume : 140
Pages : 82-97
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Mons #INRAE #PROAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs V. Filipović , Y. Coquet , V. Pot , S. Houot , P. Benoit
Publication : Geoderma
Date : 2025
Volume : 268
Pages : 29-40
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs C. Chenu , S. Abiven , M. Annabi , S. Barray , M. Bertrand , F. Bureau , D.J. Cosentino , F. Darboux , O. Duval , L. Fourrié , C. Francou , S. Houot , C. Jolivet , K. Laval , Y. Le Bissonnais , L. Lemée , S. Menasseri , J.P. Petraud , B. Verbèque
Publication : Etude et Gestion des Sols
Date : 2025
Volume : 18
Issue : 3
Pages : 161-174
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs F. Watteau , M.F. Dignac , A. Bouchard , A. Revallier , S. Houot
Publication : Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Date : 2025
Volume : 2
Issue : Article no 81
Pages : 14 p.
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs M.N. Bravin , A. Versini , F. Feder , L. Le Mézo
Publication : Cahier technique CaroCanne no 45
Date : 2025
Pages : 8 p.
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRORésumé
Using organic waste products (OWP) in agriculture has been reported to impact both the activity and composition of soil microbial communities. However, little information is available on how the response of a soil microbial community to a given OWP may depend on the physicochemical and microbial properties of the soil receiving the input. Here, we performed a microcosm experiment to compare the effect of 2 different OWPs (GWS: co-compost of Green Wastes and Sewage sludge or FYM: FarmYard Manure), each applied to 5 different soils, on the activity, abundance and diversity of the soil microbial communities. Soils were selected to represent a range of physicochemical and climatic characteristics. CO2 and N2O emissions, microbial biomass and taxonomic diversity were monitored for 28 days following OWP input. The five soils presented different prokaryotic and fungal communities structures before OWP application. During the 28 days of incubation, those control soils (without OWP) harboring the highest organic matter contents released the greatest CO2 and N2O emissions, and had the highest soil microbial biomass. The impact of organic amendments on soil activity and microbial diversity differed with the nature of the OWP. FYM application increased CO2 emissions 2-fold and delayed N2O emissions compared to GWS. Major changes in prokaryotic genetic structures were also observed when GWS was applied. The effect of OWPs was dependent on soil type and the five soils exhibited distinct patterns of CO2 and N2O emission after a given input. This accorded with the fact that the structure and composition of the microbial communities harbored by each soil type responded differently to a given OWP application. To conclude, our results show that different soil types, harboring distinct microbial community structures, responded differently to OWP application, leading to different patterns and rates of greenhouse gas emissions. This response was also OWP-dependent.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau , Sabine Houot , Battle Karimi , Olivier Mathieu , Vincent Mercier , Denis Montenach , Thierry Morvan , Valerie Sappin-Didier , Francoise Watteau , Virginie Nowak , Samuel Dequiedt , Pierre-Alain Moron
Publication : APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
Date : 2019
Volume : 143
Pages : 70-79
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #PRO #PRO ColmarRésumé
Organic waste products (OWP) application to crop lands makes possible nutrients recycling. However, it can result in long-term accumulation of trace elements (TE) in soils. The present study aimed at (i) assessing the impact of regular applications of urban composts and manure on the TE contents of topsoils and crops in a long-term field experiment, (ii) comparing the TE mass balances with the stock variations of TE in soils, and (iii) proposing a prospective evaluation of this practice, based on estimated soil safe threshold values and simulations of soil TE accumulation for 100 years. In the long-term field experiment, physicochemical properties and TE contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) have been measured in OWP, soils, plants and leaching waters for the period 1998–2015, and used for mass balance calculations and long-term simulations of TE accumulations. The composts of green wastes and sludge (GWS) and of municipal solid waste (MSW) were the OWP with the largest TE contents, while the farmyard manure tended to have the lowest. Repeated application of OWP led to significant accumulation of Zn and Cu in the topsoil layer (not for Cr, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb), especially with GWS, without overpassing calculated protective threshold values. No effect of repeated application of OWP has been observed on TE contents in grains (wheat, maize, barley). The positive mass balance has been dominated by the input flux of TE through OWP and resulted in the observed increases of soil stocks for Cu and Zn. Prospective simulation of soil content evolution until 2100 showed that soil content reached 0.4 mg Cd kg−1 soil (GWS, MSW), 38 mg Cu kg−1 soil (GWS) and 109 mg Zn kg−1 soil (GWS), which remained lower than protective threshold values.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Aurélia Marcelline Michaud , Philippe Cambier , Valérie Sappin-Didier , Valentin Deltreil , Vincent Mercier , Jean-Noël Rampon , Sabine Houot
Publication : Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Date : 2025
Volume : 27
Issue : 5
Pages : 5367-5386
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
The occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was monitored at a broad spatial scale in French agricultural soils, from various soil types and under various land uses to evaluate the ability of soil to be a natural habitat for that species. To appreciate the impact of agricultural practices on the potential dispersion of P. aeruginosa, we further investigated the impact of organic amendment at experimental sites in France and Burkina Faso. A real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach was used to analyze a set of 380 samples selected within the French RMQS (“Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols”) soil library. In parallel, a culture-dependent approach was tested on a subset of samples. The results showed that P. aeruginosa was very rarely detected suggesting a sporadic presence of this bacterium in soils from France and Burkina Faso, whatever the structural and physico-chemical characteristics or climate. When we analyzed the impact of organic amendment on the prevalence of P. aeruginosa, we found that even if it was detectable in various manures (at levels from 103 to 105 CFU or DNA targets (g drywt)−1 of sample), it was hardly ever detected in the corresponding soils, which raises questions about its survival. The only case reports were from a vineyard soil amended with a compost of mushroom manure in Burgundy, and a few samples from two fields amended with raw urban wastes in the sub-urban area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. In these soils the levels of culturable cells were below 10 CFU (g drywt)−1.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Amélie Deredjian , Céline Colinon , Edmond Hien , Elisabeth Brothier , Benjamin Youenou , Benoit Cournoyer , Samuel Dequiedt , Alain Hartmann , Claudy Jolivet , Sabine Houot , Lionel Ranjard , Nicolas P. A. Saby , Sylvie Nazaret
Publication : Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Date : 2014
Volume : 4
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAE #PRO #PRO ColmarRésumé
As a result of the limited knowledge on eluviation/illuviation and bioturbation rates, these two processes of soil particles translocation are qualitatively described either as synergic or competing processes. Here we take the opportunity of the recent development of an image analysis procedure to quantify illuvial clay and earthworm’s porosity to quantify the intensity of illuviation and bioturbation cumulated over soil formation in a temperate cultivated Luvisol. The key objectives of the study are i) to quantify the total intensity of illuviation and bioturbation and their depth distributions and ii) to assess the possibility for bioturbation to limit or compensate the depletion of the clay-sized fraction in topsoil horizons due to eluviation. The total quantity of illuvial clay is 1,100 t.ha−1 while the estimated annual amount of clay-sized fraction translocated by eluviation is between 0.08 and 1 t ha−1 yr−1. This is comparable to the annual loss of land by water erosion (between 1 and 5 t ha−1 yr−1) or by arable erosion (3.3 t ha−1 yr−1). Eluviation/illuviation is thus a discrete and active form of soil loss. With approximately 1,900 t.ha−1 of clay-sized fraction, the amount of fine particles displaced at least once by bioturbation is higher than the one related to eluviation/illuviation. At first sight, it therefore seems possible for biological activity to compensate for vertical transfers of the clay-sized fraction by eluviation/illuviation. However, our study shows that a considerable amount of the clay-sized fraction will never be brought up by the bioturbation and will remain definitively lost for the surface horizons as bioturbation decreases non-linearly with depth. Consequently, a preventive management of the depletion of the clay-sized fraction in topsoil horizons by eluviation/illuviation should be preferred to the curative management of its consequences by bioturbation.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Ophélie Sauzet , Cécilia Cammas , Jean-Marc Gilliot , David Montagne
Publication : Geoderma
Date : 2023
Volume : 429
Pages : 116251
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Najoi El Azhari , Stéphanie Lainé , Valérie Sappin-Didier , Jérémie Beguet , Nadine Rouard , Laurent Philippot , Fabrice Martin-Laurent
Publication : Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 158
Pages : 72-82