Résumé
Anaerobic conditions mobilize phosphorus (P) in soils and sediments. The role of anaerobic microsites in welldrained soil on P migration is unknown. This study aimed to identify mechanisms that control field-scale vertical P mobility as affected by organic fertilizers that may trigger variable redox conditions. Soils were sampled at different depths in a well-drained Luvisol after 19 years of application of organic fertilizers. The concentrations of P and manganese (Mn) in 0.45-μm-filtered extracts (10−3 M CaCl2) of field-moist soil samples were strongly correlated (r = + 0.95), and both peaked in and below the compacted plough pan, suggesting that reductive processes mobilize P. Waterlogged soil incubations confirmed that anaerobic respiration comobilizes Mn and P and that this leads to the release of colloidal P and iron (Fe). The long-term applications of farmyard manure and immature compost enhanced the concentrations of Mn, Fe, and aluminum (Al) in the soil solution of subsurface samples, whereas less such effect was found under the application of more stable organic fertilizers. Farmyard manure application significantly enhanced soil P stocks below the plough layer despite a small P input. Overall, multiple lines of evidence confirm that anaerobic respiration, sparked by labile organic matter, mobilizes P in this seemingly well-drained soil.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Ruben Warrinnier , Sara Bossuyt , Camille Resseguier , Philippe Cambier , Sabine Houot , Jon Petter Gustafsson , Jan Diels , Erik Smolders
Publication : Environmental Science & Technology
Date : 2020
Volume : 54
Issue : 8
Pages : 4922-4931
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
Estimating aboveground biomass is important for monitoring crop growth in agronomic field experiments. Often this estimation is done manually, destructively (mowing) or not (counting) on a relatively limited number of sub-plots within an experiment. In the presence of spatial heterogeneity in experiment fields, sensors developed for precision agriculture, have shown great potential to automate this estimation efficiently and provide a spatially continuous measurement over an entire plot. This study investigated the suitability of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for biomass and yield estimations in an agronomic field experiment. The main objectives of this work were to compare the estimates made from manual field sampling with those made from UAV data and finally to calculate the improvement that can be expected from the use of UAVs. A 6-ha maize field was studied, with plot treatments for the study of the exogenous organic matter (EOM) amendment effect on crop development. 3D surface models were created from high resolution UAV RGB imagery, before crop emergence and during crop development. The difference between both surface models resulted in crop height which was evaluated against 38 reference points with an R2 of 0.9 and prediction error of 0.16 m. Regression models were used to predict above-ground biomass and grain yield (fresh or dry). Dried grain yield prediction with a generalized additive model gave an error of 0.8 t ha−1 calculated on 100 in-field validation measurements, corresponding to a relative error of 14.77%. UAV-based yield estimates from dry biomass were 15% more accurate than manual yield estimation.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J. M. Gilliot , J. Michelin , D. Hadjard , S. Houot
Publication : Precision Agriculture
Date : 2021
Volume : 22
Issue : 3
Pages : 897-921
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
Structural equation models (SEM) are increasingly used in ecology as multivariate analysis that can represent theoretical variables and address complex sets of hypotheses. Here we demonstrate the interest of SEM in ecotoxicology, more precisely to test the three-step concept of metal bioavailability to earthworms. The SEM modeled the three-step causal chain between environmental availability, environmental bioavailability and toxicological bioavailability. In the model, each step is an unmeasured (latent) variable reflected by several observed variables. In an exposure experiment designed specifically to test this SEM for Cd, Pb and Zn, Aporrectodea caliginosa was exposed to 31 agricultural field-contaminated soils. Chemical and biological measurements used included CaC12-extractable metal concentrations in soils, free ion concentration in soil solution as predicted by a geochemical model, dissolved metal concentration as predicted by a semi-mechanistic model, internal metal concentrations in total earthworms and in subcellular fractions, and several biomarkers. The observations verified the causal definition of Cd and Pb bioavailability in the SEM, but not for Zn. Several indicators consistently reflected the hypothetical causal definition and could thus be pertinent measurements of Cd and Pb bioavailability to earthworm in field-contaminated soils. SEM highlights that the metals present in the soil solution and easily extractable are not the main source of available metals for earthworms. This study further highlights SEM as a powerful tool that can handle natural ecosystem complexity, thus participating to the paradigm change in ecotoxicology from a bottom-up to a top-down approach.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Léa Beaumelle , Denis Vile , Isabelle Lamy , Franck Vandenbulcke , Frédéric Gimbert , Mickaël Hedde
Publication : Science of The Total Environment
Date : 2016
Volume : 569-570
Pages : 961-972
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #BiochemEnv #INRAE #PROAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J. Jimenez , Q. Aemig , N. Doussiet , J.P. Steyer , S. Houot , D. Patureau
Publication : Bioresource Technology
Date : 2025
Volume : 194
Pages : 344-353
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PROAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs A. Goulas , C.S. Haudin , V. Bergheaud , V. Dumeny , S. Ferhi , S. Nélieu , M. Bourdat-Deschamps , P. Benoit
Publication : Chemosphere
Date : 2025
Volume : 165
Pages : 460-469
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
Microplastic (MP) input into agroecosystems is of particular concern as their sources are diverse (mulching films, biosolid application, wastewater irrigation, flooding, atmospheric input, road runoff). Compost application, which is needed to sustain soil ecosystem services in the context of a circular economy, may be a source of microplastics. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different composts derived from urban wastes impact the nature and quantity of coarse (2–5 mm) microplastics (CMP) in soils, using a long-term field experiment in France. Composts resulting from different levels of urban waste sorting were investigated. Our approach included the isolation of microplastics from composts and amended soils followed by their characterization using pyrolysis GC/MS spectrometry. We found that coarse microplastic concentrations varied from 26.9 to 417 kg per hectare depending on the compost type, after 22 years of bi-annual application. These values may be higher than for conventional agricultural practices, as application rate was twice as high as for normal practices. Composts made from municipal solid waste were by far the organic amendments leading to the highest quantity of plastic particles in soils, emphasizing the urgent need for limiting plastic use in packaging and for improving household biowaste sorting. Our results strongly suggest that standards regulating organic matter amendment application should take microplastics into account in order to prevent contamination of (agricultural) soils. Moreover, although no impacts on the soil bio-physico-chemical parameters has been noted so far. However, given the huge microplastic inputs, there is an urgent need to better evaluate their effect on soil functioning.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Gabin Colombini , Cornelia Rumpel , Sabine Houot , Philippe Biron , Marie-France Dignac
Publication : Environmental Pollution
Date : 2025
Volume : 315
Pages : 120369
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Thierry Morvan , Charlotte Lemoine , Florian Gaillard , Gaelle Hamelin , Béatrice Trinkler , Laurence Carteaux , Patrice Petitjean , Anne Jaffrezic
Publication : Data in Brief
Date : 2025
Volume : 32
Pages : 106029
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #PRO #PRO EFELEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs F. Watteau , G. Villemin , F. Bartoli , C. Schwartz , J. L. Morel
Publication : Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Date : 2025
Volume : 46
Pages : 103-114