Résumé
Alternative cropping systems have been proposed to enhance sustainability of agriculture, but their mid and long-term effects on soil biodiversity should be studied more carefully. Earthworms, having important agro-ecological functions, are regarded as indicators of soil biological health. Species composition, abundance, and biomasses of earthworms were measured in autumn 2005–2007 (period 1) and 2011–2013 (period 2) in a trial initiated in 1997 near Paris, France. A conventional, an organic and a direct seeded living mulch-based cropping systems were compared. Earthworms were sampled in a wheat crop by combining the application of a chemical expellant and hand-sorting.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Céline Pelosi , Michel Bertrand , Jodie Thénard , Christian Mougin
Publication : Applied Soil Ecology
Date : 2025
Pages : 8
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sylvain Bart , Céline Pelosi , Alexandre Barraud , Alexandre R. R. Péry , Nathalie Cheviron , Virginie Grondin , Christian Mougin , Olivier Crouzet
Publication : Frontiers in Microbiology
Date : 2019
Volume : 10
Pages : 1535
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAERésumé
Soil compaction resulting from mechanisation of forest operations reduces air permeability and hydraulic conductivity of soil and can result in the development of hydromorphic and/or anoxic conditions. These hydromorphic conditions can affect physico-chemical properties of the soils. However, early detection of these effects on mineralogical portion of soils is methodologically difficult. To analyse the effects of soil compaction on iron minerals in loamy Luvisol, three compacted and three non-compacted soil profiles up to the depth of 50 cm were collected from an artificially deforested and compacted soils after 2 years of treatment. Soil was compacted with the help of 25 Mg wheeler's load to increase the dry bulk density of soil from 1.21 +/- 0.05 to 1.45 +/- 0.1 g cm(-3). Soil samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and were treated by citrate bicarbonate (CB) and dithionite citrate bicarbonate (DCB) under controlled conditions. Major and minor elements (Fe, Al, Mg, Si and Mn) were analysed by ICP-AES in the CB and DCB extracts. It was found that X-ray diffraction is not an enough sensitive method to detect the quick mineralogical changes due to soil compaction. Results obtained from CB-DCB extractions showed that soil compaction resulted in larger CB and smaller DCB extractable elements as compared to non-compacted soil. Labile Fe was found 30 % of total Fe oxides in compacted soil against 10-14 % in non-compacted soils. Compaction thus resulted in Fe transfer from non-labile to labile oxides (s.l.). Results showed that soil compaction leads to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. The effects of hydromorphic conditions due to soil compaction were observed up to the depth of 35 cm in forest soil profile. Furthermore, a close association of Al with Fe oxides was observed in the soil samples, while Mn and Si were mainly released from other sources, Mg showing an intermediate behaviour. Hydromorphic conditions owing to soil compaction affect the mobility and crystallisation process of iron mineral. CB-DCB selective extraction technique, in contrast to XRD technique, can be effectively used to examine the possible effects of soil compaction on iron minerals.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz , Guilhem Bourrie , Fabienne Trolard , Jacques Ranger , Sadaf Gul , Nabeel Khan Niazi
Publication : Journal of Soils and Sediments
Date : 2016
Volume : 16
Issue : 9
Pages : 2223-2233
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAERésumé
Methods Poplar-alfalfa and alder-gramineous (cereal or ryegrass) associations and their respective control systems (alfalfa and gramineous) were compared in terms of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water contents, SOM labile pools, NIRS-MIRS spectra and microbial enzyme activity in the topsoil (0–15 cm) for 4 years after tree planting.
Results After 1 year, tree introduction induced a decrease in soil water content, microbial biomass N and some enzyme activities under alfalfa system. After 4 years, tree introduction resulted in higher soil water contents in both systems (alfalfa and gramineous); higher microbial biomass N and lower C:N in alfalfapoplar plots compared to control plots. MIRS-NIRS analyses showed a greatest differentiation in SOM quality between alfalfa-based systems.
Conclusions The effects of temperate agroforestry systems on SOC in the topsoil are relatively weak in the first years after tree introduction. Observed effects were more pronounced in the alfalfa-poplar system, probably due to higher tree growth. Further studies will provide insights into the longer-term effects of these systems on soil functioning.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Hugues Clivot , Caroline Petitjean , Nicolas Marron , Erwin Dallé , Julie Genestier , Nicolas Blaszczyk , Philippe Santenoise , Alexandre Laflotte , Séverine Piutti
Publication : Plant and Soil
Date : 2019
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #FORET AgroTCR #INRAERésumé
The soil microbial community plays important roles in nutrient cycling, plant pathogen suppression, decomposition of residues and degradation of pollutants; as such, it is often regarded as a good indicator of soil quality. Repeated applications of mixed organic and inorganic materials in agriculture improve the soil microbial quality and in turn crop productivity. The soil microbial quality following several years of repeated fertilizer inputs has received considerable attention, but the dynamic of this community over time has never been assessed. We used high-throughput sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal RNA genes to investigate the evolution of the bacterial and archaeal community throughout 6 years of repeated organic and inorganic fertilizer applications. Soils were sampled from a field experiment in La Mare (Reunion Island, France), where different mixed organic-inorganic fertilizer inputs characterized by more or less stable organic matter were applied regularly for 6 years. Soil samples were taken each year, more than 6 months after the latest fertilizer application. The soil molecular biomass significantly increased in some organically fertilized plots (by 35–45% on average), 3–5 years after the first fertilizers application. The significant variations in soil molecular microbial biomass were explained by the fertilization practices (cumulated organic carbon inputs) and sometimes by the soil parameters (sand and soil carbon contents). The structure of the bacterial and archaeal community was more influenced by time than by the fertilization type. However, repeated fertilizer applications over time tended to modify the abundance of the bacterial phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. To conclude, the present study highlights that the soil bacterial and archaeal community is lastingly modified after 6 years of repeated fertilizer inputs. These changes depend on the nature of the organic input and on the fertilization practice (frequency and applied quantity).
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau , Christophe Djemiel , Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré , Frederic Feder
Publication : Frontiers in Microbiology
Date : 2025
Volume : 13
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #Genosol #INRAERésumé
Thaumarchaeota have been recognized as the main drivers of aerobic ammonia oxidation in many ecosystems. However, little is known about the role of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) and Bacteria (AOB) in lacustrine ecosystems. In this study, the photic zone of three contrasted freshwater ecosystems located in France was sampled during two periods: winter homothermy (H) and summer thermal stratification (TS), to investigate the distribution of planktonic AOA and AOB. We showed that AOB were predominant in nutrient-rich ecosystems, whereas AOA dominated when ammonia concentrations were the lowest and during winter, which could provide a favorable environment for their growth. Moreover, analyses of archaeal libraries revealed the ubiquity of the thaumarchaeal I.1a clade associated with higher diversity of AOA in the most nutrient-poor lake. More generally, this work assesses the presence of AOA in lakes, but also highlights the existence of clades typically associated with lacustrine and hot spring ecosystems and specific ecological niches occupied by these microorganisms.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Mylène Hugoni , Sandrine Etien , Antoine Bourges , Cécile Lepère , Isabelle Domaizon , Clarisse Mallet , Gisèle Bronner , Didier Debroas , Isabelle Mary
Publication : Research in Microbiology
Date : 2025
Volume : 164
Issue : 4
Pages : 360-370
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J.-P. Laclau , E.-A. da Silva , G. Rodrigues Lambais , M. Bernoux , G. Le Maire , J.-L. Stape , J.-P. Bouillet , J.-L.-M. Goncalves , C. Jourdan , Y. Nouvellon
Publication : Frontiers in Plant Science
Date : 2025
Volume : 4
Pages : 243-243
Catégorie(s)
#CIRAD #FORET Itatinga #INRAERésumé
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa. Being highly toxic, this compound is a threat to water quality, agriculture, and human and animal health. In particular, MC-LR has been frequently detected at high concentrations in surface waters. So far, the fate of MC-LR in soils is unknown. Here, we studied degradation and soil–plant transfer of 14C-radiolabelled MC-LR in an artificial system of agricultural soil and tomato seedlings. 14C-MC-LR was dissolved in water and applied by soil irrigation, one or two times with an interval of 28 days. Results show that the 14CO2 from the degradation of 14C-MC-LR amounted to 11 % of total 14C initial input; 74–80 % of 14C-MC-LR occurred in extractible fractions analysed by HPLC. Less than 14 % of 14C-MC-LR was adsorbed on soil particles. Overall, our findings evidence for the first time a high risk of toxin leaching from the soil toward groundwater.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sylvain Corbel , Noureddine Bouaıcha , Christian Mougin
Publication : Environmental Chemistry Letters
Date : 2025
Pages : 7
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #BiochemEnv #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Ammini Parvathi , Xu Zhong , Stéphan Jacquet
Publication : Advances in Oceanography and Limnology
Date : 2025
Volume : 3
Issue : 2
Pages : 171-191
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Tjalling Jager , Alpar Barsi , Natnael T. Hamda , Benjamin T. Martin , Elke I. Zimmer , Virginie Ducrot
Publication : Ecological Modelling
Date : 2013