Résumé
The mechanisation of forestry operations is too recent in France to have enough perspective and scientific knowledge of the effects on extensively managed soils. Two experimental sites on soils sensitive to compaction (silty acidic soils laying on top of a clayey subsoil) were set in Lorraine (France). A gentle and controlled compaction of these physically very analogous soils was carried out during spring 2007 at the Azerailles site (AZ) and during spring 2008 at the Clermont-en-Argonne site (CA). Immediate changes were observed for all ecosystem physical, chemical and biological functioning indicators. Soil restoration dynamics were followed using continuous monitoring of numerous parameters, including soil moisture and occurrence of a perched water table (PWT) (monitored at a daily time step) and PWT chemistry (monthly time step). Mid-term monitoring (7–8 years) results showed that both soils shifted towards a hydromorphic soil type attested by the increase in PWT frequency and duration, which invaded the soil upper layers, leading to characteristic Fe, Mn and S mobility and a change in organic compounds stability. Though soil types were very similar, the PWT characteristics varied notably between both sites. The mean residence time of the PWT was shown to be a major driver of its geochemistry, but with strong interaction with soil characteristics. A previous study made on both sites suggested that soil clay content and clay mineralogy controls the PWT dynamics through effects on aggregation. From a PWT perspective, seven years of monitoring were insufficient to observe any soil compaction recovery in the richer soil of AZ but a partial recovery was observed for the chemically poorer soil (CA). Compaction durably impacted the two studied soils and the probability that a new compaction event may occur before the complete recovery from the first disturbance must be considered in forest management.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs P. Bonnaud , Ph. Santenoise , D. Tisserand , G. Nourrisson , J. Ranger
Publication : Forest Ecology and Management
Date : 2025
Volume : 437
Pages : 380-395
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAERésumé
Processes and rate of macroporosity changes following heavy traffic in forest ecosystems are seldom studied. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of forest soils to regenerate their macroporosity naturally. The study was performed on 2 silty temperate-forest soils classified as sensitive to compaction located in north-eastern France. Macroporosity was measured in control and trafficked plots at 3 depths (0-7, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) over 2-3 years. Soil macroporosity characteristics (shape, size and orientation) were assessed on polished sections through 2D-image analysis and micromorphic observations. Immediately after heavy traffic, macroporosity decreased by 96 to 49% from 0 to 45 cm in depth. Natural regeneration of macroporosity occurred in the upper 7 cm of soil, while the soil below remained compacted. Small and medium macropores (0.05-0.8 mm(2)) dominated by rounded and irregular pores regenerated completely. Large macropores (>0.8 mm(2)) originally dominated by vughs, mammilated vughs and channels rarely regenerated and were gradually replaced by horizontally oriented planar pores. Our results suggest that initial stages of natural macroporosity recovery are likely due to plant-root penetration and physical processes (shrink-swell, freeze-thaw), whereas recovery due to fauna activities appears later. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs N. Bottinelli , V. Hallaire , N. Goutal , P. Bonnaud , J. Ranger
Publication : Geoderma
Date : 2014
Volume : 217
Pages : 10-17
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Yannis Cuypers , Brigitte Vinçon-Leite , Alexis Groleau , Bruno Tassin , Jean-François Humbert
Publication : The ISME Journal
Date : 2025
Volume : 5
Issue : 4
Pages : 580-589
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Key message The dataset provides hydraulic properties estimated using the Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer (BEST) method, on undisturbed and on compacted and rutted French forest soils. It allows a reliable assessment of the effect of traffic on soil permeability. However, hydraulic properties could not be estimated on extremely rutted soils, under‑scoring the necessity for tailored protocols for these conditions.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Manon Martin , André Chanzy , Laurent Lassabatere , Arnaud Legout , Noémie Pousse , Stéphane Ruy
Publication : Annals of Forest Science
Date : 2024
Volume : 81
Issue : 1
Pages : 48
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAERésumé
The present knowledge of plunging hyperpycnal river plumes is mainly based on two-dimensional (confined) laboratory experiments. Several hypotheses on three-dimensional (unconfined) flow processes have been made, but not tested in situ. In this field study, the dominant three-dimensional hydro-sedimentary processes related to unconfined plunging were elucidated by synchronizing autonomous time-lapse camera images with boat-towed acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements. It was found that the flow field complies with two-dimensional conceptualizations along the plume centerline. Perpendicular to the centerline, the plume slumped laterally due to its density excess and simultaneously converged laterally due to its vertical divergence. This combination led to a narrowing of the plume near the surface, resulting in a sediment-rich triangle-shaped pattern on the surface near the inflow, and a rather stable width near the bed. The formation of secondary flow cells transporting riverine water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) away from the plume near the bed, up toward the surface and back toward the plume near the surface, was revealed. An increase of the average SPM concentration and the SPM flux in the main flow direction indicates net sediment erosion under the investigated conditions of high discharge and sediment load. This suggests transient storage of sediment during conditions of lower discharge and sediment load, and high morphological activity in the plunging area. These findings allowed extending a classical conceptual plunging model to laterally unconfined sediment-laden plunging inflows for conditions of well-mixed ambient water in the plunging region and inflow densimetric Froude numbers exceeding 1, common in nature. When higher density river water flows into a lower density lake or reservoir, the river water forms a plume that dives down (referred to as plunging) toward the bottom of the lake or reservoir and flows along its bottom as an underwater current. Previously, the processes related to plunging were poorly understood in typical lake settings. In this study, these processes were investigated by combining camera images of the lake surface and measurements along a grid of both the currents and sediment concentration of the Rhone River plume entering Lake Geneva (Switzerland). Previously predicted processes occurring in the river plume, including plunging along its axis and a combination of lateral collapsing and contracting motions, were confirmed to exist. Other processes, including two swirling flows transporting river water and sediment back toward the surface, were revealed. These contribute to the spreading and mixing of river water and sediment in different ways from those measured in laboratory representations of reservoirs. Furthermore, the plunging river water eroded the lake bed near the river mouth during the measurements. The results from this study lead to a better understanding of plunging flows in lakes and allow for improved modeling and better predictions of such flows. Dominant three-dimensional hydro-sedimentary processes related to laterally unconfined river plume plunging were revealed by field measurements These processes include lateral secondary flow cells spreading over the local depth, sediment transport, and flow-bed interactions The new findings allowed extending a classical conceptual plunging model to laterally unconfined sediment-laden inflows
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Stan Thorez , Ulrich Lemmin , D. Andrew Barry , Koen Blanckaert
Publication : WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
Date : 2024
Volume : 60
Issue : 3
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #OLARésumé
We compared pyrosequencing technology with the PCR-ITS-RFLP analysis of yeast isolates and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). These methods gave divergent findings for the yeast population. DGGE was unsuitable for the quantification of biodiversity and its use for species detection was limited by the initial abundance of each species. The isolates identified by PCR-ITS-RFLP were not fully representative of the true population. For population dynamics, high-throughput sequencing technology yielded results differing in some respects from those obtained with other approaches. This study demonstrates that 454 pyrosequencing of amplicons is more relevant than other methods for studying the yeast community on grapes and during alcoholic fermentation. Indeed, this high-throughput sequencing method detected larger numbers of species on grapes and identified species present during alcoholic fermentation that were undetectable with the other techniques.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Vanessa David , Sebastien Terrat , Khaled Herzine , Olivier Claisse , Sandrine Rousseaux , Raphaelle Tourdot-Marechal , Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarede , Lionel Ranjard , Herve Alexandre
Publication : JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Date : 2014
Volume : 41
Issue : 5
Pages : 811-821
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #Genosol #INRAERésumé
Microsporidia are a large group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites related to fungi primarily known as parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates. They are well described as parasites of organisms of interest (e.g., edible fish and crustaceans, honeybees, bioindicators such as daphnia, humans) on which they can have an important impact (e.g., reduced survival or fecundity and sex ratio distortion). However, their diversity in aquatic environments, especially in marine ecosystems, has been greatly understudied since they are not targeted by classical eukaryotic primers used in metabarcoding studies. Moreover, little is known about their hosts among protists or microzooplankton and therefore about their impact on the trophic food web functioning. In this work, we sampled 15 different sites across marine and freshwater environments, size-fractioned the samples, and used microsporidian specific primers associated with metabarcoding to study the microsporidian diversity (and the associated spatial variation). Co-occurrence networks as well as tyramide signal amplification-fluorescent in situ hybridization were used to link potential hosts (planktonic eukaryotes < 150 mu m) and Microsporidia diversity. Our analysis unraveled a large microsporidian diversity which was widely divergent between the two environments studied. In both of them, an important part of this diversity was not affiliated to a genus, suggesting an important reservoir of new microsporidian species and thus new hosts among planktonic eukaryotes. Co-occurrence networks and fluorescence microscopy showed for the first-time associations between Microsporidia and dinoflagellates in freshwater and marine environments.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marina Chauvet , Arthur Monjot , Cecile Lepere
Publication : LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
Date : 2023
Volume : 68
Issue : 4
Pages : 928-941
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #OLARésumé
Microbiological datasets and associated environmental parameters from the French soil quality monitoring network (RMQS) offer an opportunity for long-term and large-scale soil quality monitoring. Soils supply important ecosystem services e.g. carbon dynamics/storage or mineral element recycling, supported by the soil microbial diversity (bacteria, archaea and fungi). Based on the 2,240 sites of the 2000–2015 RMQS, molecular tools were applied to characterize soil microbiota. Soil DNA analysis yielded molecular microbial biomass for 2,168 sites, bacterial and fungal qPCR for 2,073 sites, and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of targeted 16S rDNA bacterial and archaeal genes for 1,842 sites. All these datasets were partially or completely unavailable, so raw results files from RMQS microbiological studies were harmonized and published in a Dataverse repository to facilitate their reusability. Altogether, these datasets allow for in-depth studies of soil microbial ecology and biogeography, and will be updated with fungal datasets and the second currently ongoing monitoring campaign (2016–2027).
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Aurélien Cottin , Samuel Dequiedt , Christophe Djemiel , Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré , Julie Tripied , Mélanie Lelièvre , Lucie Terreau , Tiffanie Régnier , Battle Karimi , Claudy Jolivet , Antonio Bispo , Nicolas Saby , Pierre-Alain Maron , Lionel Ranjard , Sébastien Terrat
Publication : Scientific Data
Date : 2025
Volume : 12
Issue : 1
Pages : 34
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAERésumé
Existing differences in soil biodiversity data quality and geographic distribution seriously hamper effective use of available knowledge. The MINOTAUR project aims to optimize the data coupling, harmonization and analysis of soil biodiversity from various national and European data sources to support long-term harmonized European soil information and soil health monitoring. A standardized template for each data type was developed to collect soil biodiversity data. Soil biodiversity (macro fauna to microbes) data were collected 59 data sources (dataset, database, data warehouse) and 62 European projects. Collected biodiversity data along with meta-data were assessed and harmonized using standardized templates. The OpenADOM (Open source Application for Data Organization & Management), platform enables the creation of Information Systems (IS) quite rapidly and supports data sharing using FAIR principles. OpenADOM enables to describe the data model using a specific syntax with indentation to represent data structure and nesting. Data from different soil biological groups (macro, meso and micro fauna, bacteria and fungi) are linked to metadata (e.g. country, soil type, agricultural practices…). So far, macrofauna data were collected from over 9000 samples across 35 European countries. The use of OpenADOM platform allowed the rapid development of an IS for the MINOTAUR database, which otherwise would have been more time consuming considering the diverse set of data and meta-data types to be described and harmonized. The Minotaur database provides valuable information on harmonized soil biodiversity, supporting policy analysis and promoting soil biodiversity in global sustainability efforts.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Rajasekaran Murugan , Vivianne Judith Yayende-Guedoka , Christine Le Bas , Marion Mittmannsgruber , Alessia Fiore , Anita Maienza , Annamaria Bevivino , Antoine Schellenberger , Arianna Latini , Carlo Jacomini , Chiara Nobili , Christophe Geneste , Cristina Aponte , Elena Tondini , Erica Lumini , Filippo Sevi , Francesco Vitali , Gilberto Bragato , Giovanni l'Abate , Giuseppe Aprea
Date : 2024
Catégorie(s)
#Ecoinfo #INRAERésumé
Temperature variation is affecting fish biodiversity worldwide, causing changes in geographic distribution, phenotypic structure, and even species extinction. Incubation is a critical stage for stenothermic species, which are vulnerable to large temperature fluctuations, and its effects on the phenotype at later developmental stages are understudied, despite the fact that the phenotype being essential for organism ecology and evolution. In this study, we tested the effects of heat shocks during the embryonic period on the phenotype of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We repeatedly quantified multiple phenotypic traits, including morphology, development, and behavior, over a period of 4 months, from hatching to juvenile stage in individuals that had experienced heat shocks (+ 5 C on 24 h, seven times) during their embryonic stage and those that had not. We found that heat shocks led to smaller body size at hatching and a lower sociability. Interestingly, these effects weakened throughout the development of individuals and even reversed in the case of body size. We also found an accelerated growth rate and a higher body condition in the presence of heat shocks. Our study provides evidence that heat shocks experienced during incubation can have long-lasting effects on an individual's phenotype. This highlights the importance of the incubation phase for the development of ectothermic organisms and suggests that temperature fluctuations may have significant ecological and evolutionary implications for Arctic charr. Given the predicted increase in extreme events and the unpredictability of temperature fluctuations, it is critical to further investigate their effects on development by examining fluctuations that vary in frequency and intensity.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs François‐Raphaël Lubin , Emilie Réalis‐Doyelle , Laurent Espinat , Jean Guillard , Allan Raffard
Publication : Journal of Fish Biology
Date : 2025
Volume : 104
Issue : 4
Pages : 1202-1212