Résumé
During the last 10 years, several attempts to map soil attributes at the scale of mainland France have been realised. We exemplify them by seven major outputs: maps of organic C stocks, trace elements (TE), microbial density and diversity, soil thickness, available water capacity (AWC), extractable P, and changes in soil pH. We first briefly describe the data and the methods used to produce these maps and summarise their main results. We then focus on their impacts on various categories of the public, i.e. the general public and citizens; farmers; private companies; non-governmental organisations; agricultural development organisations, stakeholders, and national agencies; French governmental bodies; and international organisations. We also analyse the demands that came to the French National Soil Information Centre from 2008 to 2018 and the impact that our activities had in various media. Soil organic C had the largest impact in nearly all categories of end-users, which may be linked to the recent `4 per 1000' initiative launched by the French governmentduring the COP21 and to the fact that farmers are interested in increasing the organic matter content of their soil for increasing the fertility. TE obtained high scores, which may be related to citizens' care about health and to the fact that governmental bodies and national agencies have a major interest in site contamination assessments. The soil P content, pH, and AWC exhibited major impacts on the agricultural sector. Maps of the soil P content and pH were used as geomarketing tools by private companies selling fertilisers and soil amendments, whereas the AWC was already incorporated into decision-making aid tools for irrigation management developed by development organisations for farmers. Microbial diversity generated collaborations with a large network of farmers and had a large media impact. Nevertheless, the visibility of soil information to the general public should be increased. This can be done by using new multimedia and interactive tools. Overall, these selected examples of digital soil mapping of soil attributes at the national scale in France clearly indicate that the soil attributes have substantial impact on various categories of end-users, such as farmers, professional organisations, stakeholders, and policymakers at different levels of decision-making, among others. However, the impacts on the general public and citizens are more difficult to quantify, and increasing the soil awareness of the general public should be of high priority. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Dominique Arrouays , Anne C. Richer-de-Forges , Florence Helies , Vera Leatitia Mulder , Nicolas P. A. Saby , Songchao Chen , Manuel P. Martin , Mercedes Roman Dobarco , Stephane Follain , Claudy Jolivet , Bertrand Laroche , Thomas Loiseau , Isabelle Cousin , Marine Lacoste , Lionel Ranjard , Benoit Toutain , Christine Le Bas , Thomas Eglin , Marion Bardy , Veronique Antoni
Publication : GEODERMA REGIONAL
Date : 2020
Volume : 23
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #Genosol #INRAERésumé
In the context of strong historical and climate anthropological pressure, we studied the impact of paternal transmission of PCBs on offspring of the stenothermic salmonid, Artic charr. Indeed, the transgenerational effects of maternal transmission are widely studied, unlike the paternal effect, which is often limited to epigenetic impacts. The study aims to test the effects of temperature and PCBs on the Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), whose population within the perialpine lakes has remained low for about a decade. A previous study (Realis-Doyelle et al., 2023) on the effect of maternal transmission of PCB, coupled with an increase in temperature, showed a collapse in offspring survival as well as morpho-anatomic disorders in Salvelinus alpinus. This study follows on from the previous one, we contaminated 21 males with intra-peritoneal PCB injection at three levels of concentration one month before spawning. Each male fertilised a pool of 12 female oocytes not contaminated with PCBs. Each fertilized pond was separated in two and incubated at 4.5◦C and 8.5◦C, respectively. To explore the effects, we have relied on the POLS theories that suggest a co-variation of traits of life. The results show no population collapse (~50 % survival), in contrast to the maternal contamination study (~12 % survival). We may issue the hypothesis that this smaller importance of paternal transmission is due to the synergic impact of PCB and temperature on fewer parameters, in particular for survival than female transmission.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Emilie Réalis-Doyelle , Jean Guillard , Romane Morati , Nathalie Cottin , Stéphane Reynaud , Emmanuel Naffrechoux
Publication : Aquatic Toxicology
Date : 2025
Volume : 277
Pages : 107130
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Modern challenges in the increasing exploitation of aquatic ecosystems require efficient, reliable, and noninvasive technologies to acquire biomass information on a large scale. For the past 40 years, hydroacoustics has been an essential tool to analyse fish populations and their relationship with the environment. Currently, split-beam echo sounders are standard tools used to reliably and accurately record data in oceans, estuaries, and lakes. To maximize the coverage volume and to increase target detection, and therefore data quality, the use of multi-beam echo sounders is a real asset. We propose here an innovative method for target strength (TS) calculation based on the signal from a reversible Mills cross multi-beam sonar, SeapiX (Exail), which also includes the analytical capability of a split-beam echo sounder. This innovative approach provides new original information when using a multi-beam sonar. The case study in Lake Bourget was based on a comparison of the simultaneous recordings of SeapiX and EK80 (SIMRAD) to prove the validity of this multi split-beam processing, as well as to estimate the in situ TS of fish.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Guillaume Matte , Tehei Gauthier , Nathan Rousselot , Jean Guillard , Marie Lamouret , Olivier Lerda , Benoit Tallon , Phillipe Roux , Frederic Mosca
Publication : ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
Date : 2024
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #OLARésumé
1. Climate models predict that the frequency, intensity and duration of drought events will increase in tropical regions. Although water withdrawal from deep soil layers is generally considered to be an efficient adaptation to drought, there is little information on the role played by deep roots in tropical forests. Tropical Eucalyptus plantations managed in short rotation cycles are simple forest ecosystems that may provide an insight into the water use by trees in tropical forests. 2. The contribution made by water withdrawn from deep soil layers to the water required for evapotranspiration was quantified daily from planting to harvesting age for a Eucalyptus grandis stand using a soil water transfer model coupled with an ecophysiological forest model (MAESPA). The model was parameterized using an extensive data set and validated using time series of the soil water content down to a depth of 10 m and water-table level, as well as evapotranspiration measured using eddy covariance. 3. Fast root growth after planting provided access to large quantities of water stored in deep soil layers over the first 2 years. Eucalyptus roots reached the water-table at a depth of 12 m after 2 years. Although the mean water withdrawal from depths of over 10 m amounted to only 5% of canopy transpiration from planting to a harvesting age of 5 years, the proportion of water taken up near the water-table was much higher during dry periods. The water-table rose from 18 to 12 m below-ground over 2 years after the harvest of the previous stand and then fell until harvesting age as evapotranspiration rates exceeded the annual rainfall. 4. Deep rooting is an efficient strategy to increase the amount of water available for the trees, allowing the uptake of transient gravitational water and possibly giving access to a deep watertable. Deep soil layers have an important buffer role for large amounts of water stored during the wet season that is taken up by trees during dry periods. Our study confirms that deep rooting could be a major mechanism explaining high transpiration rates throughout the year in many tropical forests.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs M. Christina , Y. Nouvellon , J. P. Laclau , J. L. Stape , J. P. Bouillet , G. R. Lambais , G. le Maire
Publication : Functional Ecology
Date : 2017
Volume : 31
Issue : 2
Pages : 509-519
Catégorie(s)
#CIRAD #FORET Itatinga #INRAERésumé
Urban ecosystems are subjected to multiple anthropogenic stresses, which impact aquatic communities. Artificial light at night (ALAN) for instance can significantly alter the composition of algal communities as well as the photosynthetic cycles of autotrophic organisms, possibly leading to cellular oxidative stress. The combined effects of ALAN and chemical contamination could increase oxidative impacts in aquatic primary producers, although such combined effects remain insufficiently explored. To address this knowledge gap, a one-month experimental approach was implemented under controlled conditions to elucidate effects of ALAN and dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (DDBAC) on aquatic biofilms. DDBAC is a biocide commonly used in virucidal products, and is found in urban aquatic ecosystems. The bioaccumulation of DDBAC in biofilms exposed or not to ALAN was analyzed. The responses of taxonomic composition, photosynthetic activity, and fatty acid composition of biofilms were examined. The results indicate that ALAN negatively affects photosynthetic yield and chlorophyll production of biofilms. Additionally, exposure to DDBAC at environmental concentrations induces lipid peroxidation, with an increase of oxylipins. This experimental study provides first insights on the consequences of ALAN and DDBAC for aquatic ecosystems. It also opens avenues for the identification of new biomarkers that could be used to monitor urban pollution impacts in natural environments.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Caroline Roux , Cassandre Madru , Débora Millan Navarro , Gwilherm Jan , Nicolas Mazzella , Aurélie Moreira , Jacky Vedrenne , Laure Carassou , Soizic Morin
Publication : Journal of Hazardous Materials
Date : 2025
Volume : 472
Pages : 134523
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #XPORésumé
Upland forest soils are known to be the main biological sink for methane, but studies have shown that net methane uptake of a forest ecosystem can be reduced when methane emissions by vegetation are considered. We estimated the methane budget of a young oak plantation by considering tree stems but also the understorey vegetation.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Caroline Plain , Fatou-Kiné Ndiaye , Pascal Bonnaud , Jacques Ranger , Daniel Epron
Publication : New Phytologist
Date : 2025
Volume : 221
Issue : 3
Pages : 1447-1456
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Arnaud Giusti
Date : 2025
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PEARLRésumé
Keeping European temperate forests on acidic soils sustainable is challenging for forest management and wood production. Nutrient budgets are a diagnostic tool that assesses forest sustainability by adding up nutrient inputs (atmospheric dissolved deposition and soil weathering) and outputs (losses in drainage water and by wood harvesting). In these forests, nutrient budgets of essential nutrients are often unbalanced, especially for the base cations Ca, Mg and K, meaning that these nutrients deplete from the ecosystem, what threatens forest sustainability. Whereas Aeolian dust deposition (ADD) is recognized as a significant nutrient input in various ecosystems, particularly in oceans, it is not taken into account in usual nutrient budgets of European forests. ADD has been characterized in different places in the world, however, little is known in European forests and about ADD impacts on their biogeochemical cycles. To fill this gap, this review aims at (i) synthesizing data on ADD characteristics in European forests to put forward a deposition model over Europe and calculate nutrient fluxes, (ii) highlighting the contribution of ADD to plant tissues in two ecosystems with an isotopic approach, (iii) evaluating the contribution of ADD to the total nutrient inputs, and (iv) assessing the impacts of ADD on European nutrient budgets of forests concerning Ca, Mg and K. Aeolian dust in Europe is either long-distance transported from arid regions such as Sahara or short-distance from the erosion of local soils. It was estimated to deposit between 41 and 129 kg haÀ1 yearÀ1 throughout Europe. Its mineralogical composition reveals nutrient bearing minerals, silicates and nonsilicates (carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, sulphates, phosphates, halides). This suggests Aeolian dust may contribute as high as 30% of total nutrient inputs, so that it may significantly shift upwards nutrient budgets of European forests under latitude 52°N. Further investigations are therefore needed to inform about accurate ADD rates below the tree canopy and to take account of the total nutrient inputs.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Émeline Lequy , Sébastien Conil , Marie-Pierre Turpault
Publication : Forest Ecology and Management
Date : 2025
Pages : 13
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Breuil #FORET Montiers #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Erik Jeppesen , Thomas Mehner , Ian J. Winfield , Külli Kangur , Jouko Sarvala , Daniel Gerdeaux , Martti Rask , Hilmar J. Malmquist , Kerstin Holmgren , Pietro Volta , Susana Romo , Reiner Eckmann , Alfred Sandström , Saúl Blanco , Andu Kangur , Henrik Ragnarsson Stabo , Marjo Tarvainen , Anne-Mari Ventelä , Martin Søndergaard , Torben L. Lauridsen
Publication : Hydrobiologia
Date : 2025
Volume : 694
Issue : 1
Pages : 1-39
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Cyanobacteria are of major interest in freshwater ecosystems, since they are able to produce toxins with potentially negative impacts on the environment, health and thus on economics and society. It is therefore important for water management authorities to assess the manner in which cyanobacteria may evolve under climate change, especially in the Alpine Region where warming is projected by climate models to be more important than the global average. In this study, air temperature extremes under current climate were used as a proxy for future "average" climate forced by enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. The impacts of extreme temperature events on cyanobacteria were analyzed in five deep peri-Alpine lakes, covering the entire trophic gradient and using a synoptic approach. Extreme air temperatures were observed to alter the biomass of the cyanobacteria community. In general, extreme hot events are associated with high biomass while extreme cold events are characterised by low biomass. However, the assessed air temperature extremes did not lead to a dominance of cyanobacteria over the other phytoplankton groups, which also showed responses in relative biomass change during extreme events. Both extreme hot and extreme cold events were seen to generate a loss of diversity among cyanobacteria. In addition, the use of extreme events as a proxy to "average" future climates is a useful approach to enhance possible impacts of future global warming on the biota in freshwater systems. The outcomes of a synoptic approach provide general responses and are a useful tool for further modelling purposes.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Nicole Gallina , Orlane Anneville , Martin Beniston
Publication : Journal of Limnology
Date : 2011
Volume : 70
Issue : 2
Pages : 186