Résumé
Phosphorus fertilization and liming are alternatives used to increase forage production in Southern Brazil grasslands (Pampa grasslands) and to avoid its replacement by cultivated exotic crops. However, changes in natural soil fertility can significantly affect the equilibrium of natural vegetation communities. We hypothesized that triple and simple superphosphate and limestone using would lead to greater increase in dry matter production and to changes in the botanical composition and richness of Pampa grassland plant species than the use of lesser soluble P sources (phosphate rock) or no liming treatment. To test our hypotheses, we assessed a 21-year-old field trial to identify its forage production pattern, based on P sources and liming application. The vegetation was studied in 2009 and 2018, based on the following variables: Shannon and Pielou indices, species richness, dry matter and plant groups (species grouped based on growth form, life period, photosynthetic pathway, morphology and growing season). Soil chemical properties in the 0-10 cm layer were also evaluated in 2018. According to the long-term evaluation, two high dry matter yield periods were observed after P fertilization (55 % and 25 % higher dry matter yield, on average). Each of these periods was followed by decreased dry matter yield, regardless of the P source. Species richness did not show changes overtime, although there was high turnover of plant species. Soluble fertilizer usage resulted in increased dry matter production and in the replacement of large proportions of species, mainly in tussock grasses and forbs groups. The contribution of legume species for dry matter production increased due to the combined effect of phosphate fertilizers and limestone. However, maintaining forage production levels higher than without phosphorus fertilization requires regular supply of soluble phosphorus fertilizers, which, in the present case, cannot exceed three years.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs André Somavilla , Anderson Cesar Ramos Marques , Laurent Caner , Leandro Bittencourt de Oliveira , Fernando Luiz Ferreira de Quadros , Abad CHABBI , Tales Tiecher , Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos
Publication : European Journal of Agronomy
Date : 2021
Volume : 125
Pages : 1-11
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Lusignan #INRAERésumé
La durée de la saison de végétation est importante à considérer puisqu’elle va directement impacter l’absorption photosynthétique saisonnière qui va conditionner la croissance des arbres. Cette étude avait pour objectifs de proposer une échelle de notation visuelle pour les processus de débourrement et d’entrée en dormance chez l’aulne glutineux et de déterminer l’effet de l’association de l’aulne avec le peuplier hybride, entre eux et avec des cultures herbacées, sur la durée de la saison de végétation des espèces ligneuses, comparativement à leurs monocultures respectives. Bien que la durée de la saison de végétation n’était pas significativement différente entre les arbres en mélange et leurs monocultures respectives, les aulnes agroforestiers ont eu tendance à débourrer plus tard et à entrer en dormance plus tôt, tandis que le contraire a été observé pour les peupliers agroforestiers.
Messages clés• Le mélange d’espèces n’a pas eu d’influence sur la phénologie du bourgeon de l’Aulne et du Peuplier.• Les Aulnes agroforestiers ont eu tendance à débourrer plus tard et à entrer en dormance plus tôt par rapport à leur monoculture.• Les Peupliers agroforestiers ont eu tendance à débourrer plus tôt et à entrer en dormance plus tard par rapport à leur monoculture.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Anaïs Thomas , Nicolas Marron , Erwin Dallé , Pierrick Priault
Publication : Revue forestière française
Date : 2023
Volume : 74
Issue : 3
Pages : 335-346
Catégorie(s)
#FORET AgroTCR #INRAERésumé
Dans ce numéro, découvrez le dossier thématique "Ancienneté, maturité, naturalité : biodiversité des forêts" ainsi que des articles de recherche, développement et innovation, sur la gestion durable des forêts publiques par l'Office national des forêts (ONF) et ses partenaires.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J Bello , P. Vallet , T. Perot , L. Arnaudet , A. Callas , C. Proult , D. Devanne , N. Korboulewsky
Publication : Rendez-vous Techniques ONF
Date : 2021
Pages : 58-68
Catégorie(s)
#FORET OPTMix #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J.-P. Laclau , J.-L. de Moraes Goncalves , J.-L. Stape
Publication : Forest Ecology and Management
Date : 2013
Volume : 301
Pages : 1-5
Catégorie(s)
#CIRAD #FORET Itatinga #INRAERésumé
Although vast areas in tropical regions have weathered soils with low potassium (K) levels, little is known about the effects of K supply on the photosynthetic physiology of trees. This study assessed the effects of K and sodium (Na) supply on the diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in Eucalyptus grandis leaves.A field experiment comparing treatments receiving K (+K) or Na (+Na) with a control treatment (C) was set up in a K-deficient soil. The net CO2 assimilation rates were twice as high in +K and 1.6 times
higher in +Na than in the C as a result of lower stomatal and mesophyll resistance to CO2 diffusion and higher photosynthetic capacity. The starch content was higher and soluble sugar was lower in +K than in C and +Na, suggesting that K starvation disturbed carbon storage and transport. The specific leaf area, leaf thickness, parenchyma thickness, stomatal size and intercellular air spaces increased in +K and +Na compared to C. Nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations were also higher in +K and +Na than in C. These results suggest a strong relationship between the K and Na supply to E. grandis trees and the functional and structural limitations to CO2 assimilation rates.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs P. Battie-Laclau , J.-P. Laclau , C. Beri , L. Mietton , M.-R. Almeida Muniz , B. Cersózimo Arenque , M. de Cassia Piccolo , L. Jordan-Meille , J.-P. Bouillet , Y. Nouvellon
Publication : Plant, Cell and Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 37
Pages : 70-81
Catégorie(s)
#CIRAD #FORET Itatinga #INRAERésumé
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are essential drivers of atmospheric
chemistry. Many VOCs are emitted from and deposited to ecosystems. While
forests and grasslands have already been substantially studied,
exchanges of VOCs with crops are less known, although these ecosystems
represent more than 50% of the surface in France. In this study, we
analyze sources and sinks of VOCs in a wheat field (at the ICOS FR-GRI
site near Paris) at anthesis based on measurements of fluxes,
concentration profiles and branch chambers. The VOCs were measured using
a PTR-TOF-Qi-MS (where Qi stands for Quad Ion guide). Air was
successively sampled through lines located at different heights within
and above the canopy, of which one was used for Eddy Covariance and
located near a sonic anemometer. Additional measurements included the
standard ICOS meteorological data as well as leaf area index profiles
and photosynthesis curves at several heights in the canopy. We report
fluxes and profiles for more than 500 VOCs. The deposition velocities of
depositing compounds are compared to the maximum exchange velocity and
the ozone deposition velocity. The sources and sinks location and
magnitude are evaluated by inverse Lagrangian modelling assuming no
reaction and simple reaction schemes in the canopy. The sources and
sinks of VOC in the canopy are interpreted in terms crop phenology and
the potential for reaction with ozone and NOx is evaluated. This study
takes place in the ADEME CORTEA COV3ER French project
(http://www6.inra.fr/cov3er).
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Benjamin Loubet , Lais Gonzaga , Pauline Buysse , Raluca Ciuraru , Florence Lafouge , Céline Decuq , Olivier Zurfluh , Alain Fortineau , Olivier Fanucci , Roland Sarda-Esteve , Nora Zannoni , Francois Truong , Christophe Boissard , Valérie Gros
Date : 2017
Volume : 19
Pages : 15566
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PT-RMSAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs R. Ciuraru , M. Bourdat-Deschamps , Y. Carpentier , C. Decuq , K. Haider , S. Houot , J. Kammer , F. Lafouge , F. Levavasseur , D. Petitprez , C. Focsa , B. Loubet
Date : 1970
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PT-RMSRésumé
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and extend the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOCs originate to 90 % from biogenic sources on a global scale, mainly from forests. Crops are also a potentially large yet poorly characterized source of VOCs (30 % of the VOC emissions in Europe, mostly oxygenated). In this study, we investigated VOC fluxes over a winter wheat field by eddy covariance using a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and mass resolution. The study took place near Paris over a 5-week period and included flowering, crop maturity and senescence. We found a total of 123 VOCs with fluxes 3 times above the detection limit. Methanol was the most emitted compound with an average flux of 63 µg m−2 h−1, representing about 52 % of summed VOC emissions on a molar basis (36 % on a mass basis). We also identified ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide among the six most emitted compounds. The third most emitted VOC corresponded to the ion m/z 93.033. It was tentatively identified as furan (C6H4O), a compound not previously reported to be strongly emitted by crops. The average summed VOC emissions were about 173 ± 6 µg m2 h−1, while the average VOC depositions were about 109 ± 2 µg m−2 h−1 and hence 63 % of the VOC emissions on a mass basis. The net ecosystem flux of VOCs was an emission of 64 ± 6 µg m−2 h−1 (0.5 ± 0.05 nmol m−2 s−1). The most deposited VOCs were identified as hydroxyacetone, acetic acid and fragments of oxidized VOCs. Overall, our results reveal that wheat fields represent a non-negligible source and sink of VOCs to be considered in regional VOC budgets and underline the usefulness and limitations of eddy covariance measurements with a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Benjamin Loubet , Pauline Buysse , Lais Gonzaga-Gomez , Florence Lafouge , Raluca Ciuraru , Céline Decuq , Julien Kammer , Sandy Bsaibes , Christophe Boissard , Brigitte Durand , Jean-Christophe Gueudet , Olivier Fanucci , Olivier Zurfluh , Letizia Abis , Nora Zannoni , François Truong , Dominique Baisnée , Roland Sarda-Estève , Michael Staudt , Valérie Gros
Publication : Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Date : 2022
Volume : 22
Issue : 4
Pages : 2817-2842
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PT-RMSRésumé
The anaeeThes thesaurus aims at providing a controlled vocabulary for the semantic description of the study of continental ecosystems and their biodiversity. It has been developed within the framework of the AnaEE-France infrastructure through an iterative process combining both top down and bottom up approaches: import of concepts from other thesauri and collection of concepts used in the AnaEE data bases and/or modeling platforms. The thesaurus consists of concepts handled in different main thematic areas:Abiotic (atmosphere, climate, hydrosphere, litosphere, …); Biotic (animals, plants, micro-organisms, biodiversity, …); Chemical compounds; Experimentation and observation (instrument, method, protocol, measurement, quality, infrastructure …); Ecosystems (type, structure, functioning …); Modeling (formalism, platform, type of model, computer language …); Disciplines (disciplinary and scientific fields); Unit (units of the international system, inherited from the OBOE–standards ontology) anaeeThes contains 12 top concepts. It contains nearly 3320 concepts, of which about 1500 are also offered in French. 360 concepts are inherited from the OBOE-standards ontology, while 748 concepts about soils and their characteristics were created using the « Référentiel pédologique 2008 – AFES» and « World reference base for soil resources 2006 – FAO ». Approximately 400 concepts are mapped to Agrovoc and 280 to Gemet thesauri. Approximately 480 concepts have a definition.The hierarchy offers up to 8 depth levels. Although the headings of the first and second levels are now stable, it is still evolving, especially on the issue of translation and mapping/alignment.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Philippe Clastre , Christian Pichot , André Chanzy
Date : 2018
Catégorie(s)
#Ecoinfo #INRAERésumé
Abstract
As the global climate warms, the fate of lacustrine fish is of huge concern, especially given their sensitivity as ectotherms to changes in water temperature. The Arctic charr (
Salvelinus alpinus
L.) is a salmonid with a Holarctic distribution, with peripheral populations persisting at temperate latitudes, where it is found only in sufficiently cold, deep lakes. Thus, warmer temperatures in these habitats particularly during early life stages could have catastrophic consequences on population dynamics. Here, we combined lake temperature observations, a 1-D hydrodynamic model, and a multi-decadal climate reanalysis to show coherence in warming winter water temperatures in four European charr lakes near the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution. Current maximum and mean winter temperatures are on average ~ 1 °C warmer compared to early the 1980s, and temperatures of 8.5 °C, adverse for high charr egg survival, have frequently been exceeded in recent winters. Simulations of winter lake temperatures toward century-end showed that these warming trends will continue, with further increases of 3–4 °C projected. An additional 324 total accumulated degree-days during winter is projected on average across lakes, which could impair egg quality and viability. We suggest that the perpetuating winter warming trends shown here will imperil the future status of these lakes as charr refugia and generally do not augur well for the fate of coldwater-adapted lake fish in a warming climate.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Seán Kelly , Tadhg N. Moore , Elvira de Eyto , Mary Dillane , Chloé Goulon , Jean Guillard , Emilien Lasne , Phil McGinnity , Russell Poole , Ian J. Winfield , R. Iestyn Woolway , Eleanor Jennings
Publication : Climatic Change
Date : 2025
Volume : 163
Issue : 1
Pages : 599-618