Résumé
Although global warming has the potential to increase soil CO2 efflux, the magnitude of these changes are uncertain, as CO2 production rates in deep soil are poorly constrained. In particular, management effects on the warming responses at depth are unknown. Here, we conducted an in-situ soil warming experiment down to 2.0-m depth in an agricultural Cambisol to study the warming responses of (1) CO2 production across different depths and (2) CO2 efflux from topsoil in different seasons under two management practices. To this end, we measured whole-soil profile water content, CO2 production and CO2 efflux under continuous grassland and cropland in response to elevated temperature (+4°C). Warming decreased soil water content for both management practices. We found contrasting warming effects on surface CO2 efflux, depending on season and land management practices. Subsoil CO2 production was more sensitive to warming than topsoil CO2 production with grassland subsoil showing a greater warming response than cropland subsoil. Topsoil CO2 production decreased in response to warming in the cropland but not the grassland. We concluded that warming responses of CO2 production and efflux are affected by soil management practices. Their effect on biological processes (roots and microbial activity) and factors affecting gas diffusivity, such as soil water availability and soil physical organization need to be assessed to model warming effects on carbon exchange between soil and the atmosphere in agricultural systems.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Md. Zulfikar Khan , Abad Chabbi , Caitlin E. Hicks Pries , Margaret S. Torn , Cornelia Rumpel
Publication : Geoderma
Date : 2023
Volume : 440
Pages : 116725
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Lusignan #INRAERésumé
Although 30% of the European surface area is covered with grasslands, little is known about the effect of their management on soil quality and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we analysed soil from an experimental site in Western France, which had been under either grazing or mowing regime for 13 years. We aimed to assess the effect of the two management practices on the biogeochemical functioning of the soil system. To this end we compared soil organic matter (SOM) composition and microbial properties at two depths. We analysed for elemental, lignin and non-cellulosic polysaccharide content and composition, microbial biomass, soil microbial respiration and enzyme activities. Our results showed higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen contents in the surface soil under grazing as compared to mowing. Soil biogeochemical properties also differed between grazing and mowing treatments. In particular, soil under grazing showed lower lignin and higher microbial biomass. Despite the similar non-cellulosic polysaccharide content under both treatments, microbial community under mowing was characterised by higher enzyme production per microbial biomass, leading to more degraded SOM in the mowing system as compared to grazing. We conclude that grazing and mowing regimes impact differently biogeochemical soil functioning. Higher and more diverse carbon input under grazing compared to mowing may lead to enhanced substrate availability and thus more efficient microbial functioning, which could favour SOC sequestration through formation of microbial products.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Aliia Gilmullina , Cornelia Rumpel , Evgenia Blagodatskaya , Abad Chabbi
Publication : Applied Soil Ecology
Date : 2020
Volume : 156
Pages : 103701
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Lusignan #ANR-Citation #INRAERésumé
Despite the relevance of landscape, regarding the spatial patterning of microbial communities and the relative influence of environmental parameters versus human activities, few investigations have been conducted at this scale. Here, we used a systematic grid to characterize the distribution of soil microbial communities at 278 sites across a monitored agricultural landscape of 13 km². Molecular microbial biomass was estimated by soil DNA recovery and bacterial diversity by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Geostatistics provided the first maps of microbial community at this scale and revealed a heterogeneous but spatially structured distribution of microbial biomass and diversity with patches of several hundreds of meters. Variance partitioning revealed that both microbial abundance and bacterial diversity distribution were highly dependent of soil properties and land use (total variance explained ranged between 55% and 78%). Microbial biomass and bacterial richness distributions were mainly explained by soil pH and texture whereas bacterial evenness distribution was mainly related to land management. Bacterial diversity (richness, evenness, and Shannon index) was positively influenced by cropping intensity and especially by soil tillage, resulting in spots of low microbial diversity in soils under forest management. Spatial descriptors also explained a small but significant portion of the microbial distribution suggesting that landscape configuration also shapes microbial biomass and bacterial diversity.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Florentin Constancias , Sébastien Terrat , Nicolas P. A. Saby , Walid Horrigue , Jean Villerd , Jean-Philippe Guillemin , Luc Biju-Duval , Virginie Nowak , Samuel Dequiedt , Lionel Ranjard , Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré
Publication : MicrobiologyOpen
Date : 2025
Volume : 4
Issue : 3
Pages : 505-517
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #Genosol #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Q. Rougemont , A. Gaigher , E. Lasne , J. Côte , M. Coke , A.-L. Besnard , S. Launey , G. Evanno
Publication : Journal of Evolutionary Biology
Date : 2015
Volume : 28
Issue : 12
Pages : 2248-2263
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PEARLAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marine Lemaire , Jean Guillard , Orlane Anneville , Jérémy Lobry
Publication : Journal of Great Lakes Research
Date : 2025
Volume : 46
Issue : 4
Pages : 798-812
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
This study presents the relationship between inputs of elements (especially biominerals), their recycling mechanisms and the average residence time of the major elements in mull humus. In forest ecosystems with generally low element inputs, decomposing leaf litter is an important source of soil nutrients. While the processes and the release speeds of elements, such as C, N and P, are well determined during litter degradation, less is known about elements like Fe, Al, Mg, Mn, Si, Ca, K, or Na, some of which are essential for tree nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the average residence time of these elements in mull-type humus for 3 different soils: a Dystric Cambisol (S1), Eutric Cambisol (S2) and Rendzic Leptosol (S3), in the same beech grove of the northeast of France and to identify the main mechanisms controlling them. To achieve this goal, the approach used: 1) scanning electron microscope observation of the evolution and recycling of elements during litter degradation; 2) quantification of total inputs and their form (soluble/insoluble) in the litterfall and the contribution of exploitation residues; 3) quantification and evolution of litter stocks; and 4) calculation and comparison of the residence time of the elements according to their form. Calculation of inputs and stocks of elements in humus made it possible to assess the residence time of each elements. The average residence times were between 58.4 and 13.1 y for Fe and Al; 3.3 and 1.6 y for Si, N, S and Ca; 2.2 and 1.2 y for Mn, Mg, Na, P and C; and 0.6 and 0.8 y for K. The results were similar for the three soils except for the Mn stock and inputs, which were lower in S3, and for the Si input, which decreased from S1 to S3. The results of the study indicate that the residence times of K, P, Na, Mg and S decreased with the percentage of soluble forms. Conversely, they increased when elements were principally in the form of biominerals (Si, Ca), such as in plant tissues, organic molecules (N) and more resistant tissues, or intervened in sorption mechanisms (Al, Fe) and biotic recycling mechanisms, such as testate amoebae (Si, Ca, P, Mn) and fungal hyphae (Ca, Mn, P) and abiotic precipitation (Si).
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marie Dincher , Christophe Calvaruso , Marie-Pierre Turpault
Publication : Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Date : 2020
Volume : 141
Pages : 107674
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Montiers #INRAERésumé
Due to the more frequent use of crop models at regional and national scale, the effects of spatial data input resolution have gained increased attention. However, little is known about the influence of variability in crop management on model outputs. A constant and uniform crop management is often considered over the simulated area and period. This study determines the influence of crop management adapted to climatic conditions and input data resolution on regional-scale outputs of crop models. For this purpose, winter wheat and maize were simulated over 30 years with spatially and temporally uniform management or adaptive management for North Rhine-Westphalia (˜34 083 km²), Germany. Adaptive management to local climatic conditions was used for 1) sowing date, 2) N fertilization dates, 3) N amounts, and 4) crop cycle length. Therefore, the models were applied with four different management sets for each crop. Input data for climate, soil and management were selected at five resolutions, from 1 × 1 km to 100 × 100 km grid size. Overall, 11 crop models were used to predict regional mean crop yield, actual evapotranspiration, and drainage. Adaptive management had little effect (<10% difference) on the 30-year mean of the three output variables for most models and did not depend on soil, climate, and management resolution. Nevertheless, the effect was substantial for certain models, up to 31% on yield, 27% on evapotranspiration, and 12% on drainage compared to the uniform management reference. In general, effects were stronger on yield than on evapotranspiration and drainage, which had little sensitivity to changes in management. Scaling effects were generally lower than management effects on yield and evapotranspiration as opposed to drainage. Despite this trend, sensitivity to management and scaling varied greatly among the models. At the annual scale, effects were stronger in certain years, particularly the management effect on yield. These results imply that depending on the model, the representation of management should be carefully chosen, particularly when simulating yields and for predictions on annual scale.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Julie Constantin , Helene Raynal , Eric Casellas , Holger Hoffmann , Marco Bindi , Luca Doro , Henrik Eckersten , Thomas Gaiser , Balász Grosz , Edwin Haas , Kurt-Christian Kersebaum , Steffen Klatt , Matthias Kuhnert , Elisabet Lewan , Ganga Ram Maharjan , Marco Moriondo , Claas Nendel , Pier Paolo Roggero , Xenia Specka , Giacomo Trombi
Publication : Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Date : 2019
Volume : 275
Pages : 184-195
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #RecordAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Nathalie Lécrivain , Victor Frossard , Emmanuel Naffrechoux , Bernard Clément
Publication : Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Date : 2021
Volume : 41
Issue : 5
Pages : 950-962
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
The occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was monitored at a broad spatial scale in French agricultural soils, from various soil types and under various land uses to evaluate the ability of soil to be a natural habitat for that species. To appreciate the impact of agricultural practices on the potential dispersion of P. aeruginosa, we further investigated the impact of organic amendment at experimental sites in France and Burkina Faso. A real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach was used to analyze a set of 380 samples selected within the French RMQS (“Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols”) soil library. In parallel, a culture-dependent approach was tested on a subset of samples. The results showed that P. aeruginosa was very rarely detected suggesting a sporadic presence of this bacterium in soils from France and Burkina Faso, whatever the structural and physico-chemical characteristics or climate. When we analyzed the impact of organic amendment on the prevalence of P. aeruginosa, we found that even if it was detectable in various manures (at levels from 103 to 105 CFU or DNA targets (g drywt)−1 of sample), it was hardly ever detected in the corresponding soils, which raises questions about its survival. The only case reports were from a vineyard soil amended with a compost of mushroom manure in Burgundy, and a few samples from two fields amended with raw urban wastes in the sub-urban area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. In these soils the levels of culturable cells were below 10 CFU (g drywt)−1.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Amélie Deredjian , Céline Colinon , Edmond Hien , Elisabeth Brothier , Benjamin Youenou , Benoit Cournoyer , Samuel Dequiedt , Alain Hartmann , Claudy Jolivet , Sabine Houot , Lionel Ranjard , Nicolas P. A. Saby , Sylvie Nazaret
Publication : Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Date : 2014
Volume : 4
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAE #PRO #PRO ColmarRésumé
Whiting events are massive calcite precipitation events turning hardwater lake waters to a milky turquoise color. Herein, we use a multispectral remote sensing approach to describe the spatial and temporal occurrences of whitings in Lake Geneva from 2013 to 2021. Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-3 sensors are combined to derive the AreaBGR index and identify whitings using appropriate filters. 95% of the detected whitings are located in the northeastern part of the lake and occur in a highly reproducible environmental setting. An extended time series of whitings in the last 60 years is reconstructed from a random forest algorithm and analyzed through a Bayesian decomposition for annual and seasonal trends. The annual number of whiting days between 1958 and 2021 does not follow any particular monotonic trend. The inter-annual changes of whiting occurrences significantly correlate to the Western Mediterranean Oscillation Index. Spring whitings have increased since 2000 and significantly follow the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. Future climate change in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean could induce more variable and earlier whiting events in Lake Geneva.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Gaël Many , Nicolas Escoffier , Michele Ferrari , Philippe Jacquet , Daniel Odermatt , Gregoire Mariethoz , Pascal Perolo , Marie-Elodie Perga
Publication : Remote Sensing
Date : 2022
Volume : 14
Issue : 23
Pages : 6175