Résumé
Abstract
The interaction between large inland water bodies and the atmosphere impacts the evolution of regional weather and climate, which in turn affects the lake dynamics, thermodynamics, ice-formation, and, therefore, ecosystems. Over the last decades, various approaches have been used to model lake thermodynamics and dynamics in standalone mode or coupled to numerical atmospheric models. We assess a turbulence-closure
$$k-epsilon$$
k
-
ϵ
multi-column lake model in standalone mode as a computationally-efficient alternative to a full three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the case of Lake Geneva. While it struggles to reproduce some short-term features, the multi-column model reasonably reproduces the seasonal mean of the thermal horizontal and vertical structures governing heat and mass exchanges between the lake surface and the lower atmosphere (stratified period, thermocline depth, stability of the water column). As it requires typically two orders of magnitude less computational ressources, it may allow a two-way coupling with a RCM on timescales or spatial resolutions where full 3D lake models are too demanding.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Romain Gaillard , Marjorie Perroud , Stéphane Goyette , Jérôme Kasparian
Publication : Scientific Reports
Date : 2022
Volume : 12
Issue : 1
Pages : 353
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Nathalie Lécrivain , Vincent Aurenche , Nathalie Cottin , Victor Frossard , Bernard Clément
Publication : Science of The Total Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 619-620
Pages : 854-865
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
The objective was to develop a multi-criteria tool to compare fertilizing practices either based on mineral fertilizer (CONT+N) or repeated applications of exogenous organic matter (EOM) and considering the positive but also the negative impacts of these practices. Three urban composts (a municipal solid waste or MSW, a co-compost of sewage sludge and green waste (GWS), and biowaste (BIO)) and a farmyard manure (FYM) have been applied biennially over 14 years. Soils and crops were sampled repeatedly and >100 parameters measured. The development of different quality indices (QI) was used to provide a quantitative tool for assessing the overall effects of recycling different types of EOM. A minimum data set was determined and 7 indices of soil and crop quality were calculated using linear scoring functions: soil fertility, soil biodiversity, soil biological activities, soil physical properties, soil contamination (⿿available⿿ and ⿿total⿿) and crop productivity. All QI varied between 0 and 1, 1 being the best score. EOM amendments significantly increased soil biodiversity, biological activities and physical properties with intensity generally depending on their characteristics. FYM was the most efficient EOM to improve soil biological properties. EOM application lead to similar yields as mineral fertilizers but grain quality was slightly decreased. Thus, mineral fertilizers remained more efficient at improving crop productivity index (QI=0.88) than EOM although BIO was not significantly different than CONT+N. All EOM improved soil fertility but only BIO was significantly higher (QI=0.86). EOM added a range of nutrients but an excess of P (e.g. GWS) can negatively impact the soil fertility index. EOM negatively affected the soil contamination index when considering total concentrations but decreased available fractions and consequently the risks of transfer. BIO was the most efficient EOM for most indices including improving the index of ⿿available⿿ soil contamination. This study demonstrated the positive impact of repeated EOM applications on soil and crop quality in a loamy soil.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Fiona Obriot , Marie Stauffer , Yolaine Goubard , Nathalie Cheviron , Guénola Peres , Marie Eden , Agathe Revallier , Laure Vieublé-Gonod , Sabine Houot
Publication : Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Date : 2016
Volume : 232
Pages : 165-178
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
This study presents results from a major grassland model intercomparison exercise, and highlights the main challenges faced in the implementation of a multi-model ensemble prediction system in grasslands. Nine, independently developed simulation models linking climate, soil, vegetation and management to grassland biogeochemical cycles and production were compared in a simulation of soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature (ST) in the topsoil, and of biomass production. The results were assessed against SWC and ST data from five observational grassland sites representing a range of conditions – Grillenburg in Germany, Laqueuille in France with both extensive and intensive management, Monte Bondone in Italy and Oensingen in Switzerland – and against yield measurements from the same sites and other experimental grassland sites in Europe and Israel. We present a comparison of model estimates from individual models to the multi-model ensemble (represented by multi-model median: MMM). With calibration (seven out of nine models), the performances were acceptable for weekly-aggregated ST (R2>0.7 with individual models and >0.8–0.9 with MMM), but less satisfactory with SWC (R2<0.6 with individual models and <∼0.5 with MMM) and biomass (R2<∼0.3 with both individual models and MMM). With individual models, maximum biases of about −5°C for ST, −0.3m3m−3 for SWC and 360gDMm−2 for yield, as well as negative modelling efficiencies and some high relative root mean square errors indicate low model performance, especially for biomass. We also found substantial discrepancies across different models, indicating considerable uncertainties regarding the simulation of grassland processes. The multi-model approach allowed for improved performance, but further progress is strongly needed in the way models represent processes in managed grassland systems.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs R. Sándor , Z. Barcza , M. Acutis , L. Doro , D. Hidy , M. Köchy , J. Minet , E. Lellei-Kovács , S. Ma , A. Perego , S. Rolinski , F. Ruget , M. Sanna , G. Seddaiu , L. Wu , G. Bellocchi
Publication : European Journal of Agronomy
Date : 2017
Volume : 88
Pages : 22-40
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Theix #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs M. Bourdat-Deschamps , S. Leang , N. Bernet , J.J. Daudin , S. Nélieu
Publication : Journal of Chromatography A
Date : 2025
Volume : 1349
Pages : 11-23
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
Monoterpenes (MTs) represent an important family of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in terms of amount and chemical diversity. This family has been extensively studied using gas chromatography (GC) and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Upon recent advances with Fast Gas Chromatography (FastGC), it was also commercialized with proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) instruments. The combination of both techniques showed promising results in the near real-time separation of isomers, with the need of further improvements. In this study, a FastGC prototype was coupled to a conventional PTR-MS (PTR-QuadMS). Extensive laboratory experiments were performed, in order to test the system’s performance and to optimize its operational parameters for MT separation. The detection limit was determined to be around 0.8–1.7 ppbv, depending on the MT. The system was afterwards deployed during a three-week field campaign in a mixed holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest known for its important MT emissions. MTs were measured in the incoming and the outgoing air of dynamic enclosures installed on the branches of four different trees. Three chemotypes of holm oak trees could be distinguished showing consistently different proportions of the emitted MTs throughout the measurement campaign: pinene-type, myrcene-type and limonene-type. Measurements showed a systematic diel variation in emissions typical of light and temperature-dependent, de novo-synthesized VOCs. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the FastGC/PTR-MS system for continuous measurements from dynamic chambers in the field, whereas further improvements would be necessary to lower the detection limit for ambient air measurements.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sandy Bsaibes , Felix Piel , Valérie Gros , François Truong , Florence Lafouge , Raluca Ciuraru , Pauline Buysse , Julien Kammer , Benjamin Loubet , Michael Staudt
Publication : Atmosphere
Date : 2020
Volume : 11
Issue : 7
Pages : 690
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET Puechabon #INRAE #PT-RMSRésumé
This study aims at determining the chlorine and chlorine-36 fallout rates in an experimental beech forest site located in NE France (48°31′55″ N, 5°16′8″ E). A monthly record of Cl and 36Cl concentrations in rainfall samples collected above the canopy was performed during two years, from March 2012 to February 2014. The results show that the Cl concentrations mainly originate from sea-spray while the 36Cl concentrations originate from the stratosphere and therefore present a seasonal dependency. Abrupt and important inputs of 36Cl from the stratosphere indeed yield sharp increases of the recorded concentrations during the spring-summer. We also show that a too short sampling period might bias the determined 36Cl fallout rate. To smooth the seasonal and sporadic bursts of 36Cl, a minimum of 6 months sampling period is required. A mean 36Cl fallout rate of (77 ± 21) atoms m−2 s−1 can be deduced from our study, which is 45% higher than the modelled value. This discrepancy suggests more studies aiming at measuring the 36Cl fallout rate worldwide are necessary.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Julie Pupier , Lucilla Benedetti , Camille Bouchez , Didier Bourlès , Elisabeth Leclerc , Yves Thiry , Valéry Guillou
Publication : Quaternary Geochronology
Date : 2016
Volume : 35
Pages : 26-35
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Montiers #INRAERésumé
To reduce the environmental footprint of human activities, the quality of environmental media such as water, soil and the atmosphere should be first assessed. Microorganisms are well suited for a such assessment because they respond fast to environmental changes, they have a huge taxonomic and genetic diversity, and they are actively involved in biogeochemical cycles. Here, we review microbiological methods that provide sensitive and robust indicators for environmental diagnosis. Methods include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to study the abundance, diversity, activity and functional potentials of indigenous microbial communities in various environmental matrices such as water, soil, air and waste. We describe the advancement, technical limits and sensitivity of each method. Examples of method application to farming, industrial and urban impact are presented. We rank the most advanced indicators according to their level of operability in the different environmental matrices based on a technology readiness level scale.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs T. Bouchez , A. L. Blieux , S. Dequiedt , I. Domaizon , A. Dufresne , S. Ferreira , J. J. Godon , J. Hellal , C. Joulian , A. Quaiser , F. Martin-Laurent , A. Mauffret , J. M. Monier , P. Peyret , P. Schmitt-Koplin , O. Sibourg , E. D’oiron , A. Bispo , I. Deportes , C. Grand
Publication : Environmental Chemistry Letters
Date : 2016
Volume : 14
Issue : 4
Pages : 423-441
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs V. Ducrot , A. Sieratowicz , L. Lagadic , D. Azam , C. Askem , R. Brown , M. Coke , M. Collinet , J. Dobrick , P. Egeler , H. Holbech , T.H. Hutchinson , A. Jach , K.L. Kinnberg , P. Lorentz , ....
Date : 2025
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PEARLAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marie-Agnès Coutellec
Publication : Molecular Ecology Resources
Date : 2017
Volume : 17
Issue : 5
Pages : 854-857