Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Frédéric Rimet , Philippe Chaumeil , François Keck , Lenaïg Kermarrec , Valentin Vasselon , Maria Kahlert , Alain Franc , Agnès Bouchez
Publication : Database
Date : 2025
Volume : 2016
Pages : baw016
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Dans ce numéro, découvrez le dossier thématique "Ancienneté, maturité, naturalité : biodiversité des forêts" ainsi que des articles de recherche, développement et innovation, sur la gestion durable des forêts publiques par l'Office national des forêts (ONF) et ses partenaires.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs N. Korboulewsky , P. Balandier , Y. Dumas , M. Gosselin , A. Marell , T. Perot
Publication : Rendez-vous Techniques ONF
Date : 2021
Pages : 51-57
Catégorie(s)
#FORET OPTMix #INRAERésumé
Grapevine downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine worldwide. While primary inoculum plays a decisive role in disease epidemics, we still know very little about the abundance and the distribution of oospores, which are the overwintering forms of the pathogen resulting from sexual reproduction. In this study, we used ddPCR to describe the spatial distribution of P. viticola inoculum in a vineyard soil at the onset of the growing season. We found P. viticola oospores in all soil samples except one. The distribution of primary inoculum at the field scale was not random but characterized by 25 m-diameter patches of concentrically increasing oospore concentration. There was a positive coregionalization between soil inoculum and soil moisture spatial distributions, possibly mediated by disease incidence. The results indicated that oospores accumulated 5 times more in the ridge of soil below the vine stocks than in the inter-row. We conducted a leaf disc bioassay to assess soil infectious potential on a subset of samples collected in the field. Soil infectious potential estimated through infected leaf-disc area was positively correlated with our DNA-based quantification of oospores. Overall, the quantitative and spatially explicit survey of primary inoculum reservoir gained from these molecular and biological methods will contribute to the design of management strategies aimed at preventing primary inoculum accumulation in the vineyard from one season to the next.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Charlotte Poeydebat , Eva Courchinoux , Isabelle Demeaux , Marie Rodriguez , Alexandre Chataigner , Mélanie Lelièvre , Jean-Pascal Goutouly , Jean-Pierre Rossi , Marc Raynal , Laurent Delière , François Delmotte
Date : 2024
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Victor Frossard , Valérie Verneaux , Patrick Giraudoux
Publication : Journal of Paleolimnology
Date : 2025
Volume : 57
Issue : 2
Pages : 205-212
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Olga Savichtcheva , Didier Debroas , Rainer Kurmayer , Clement Villar , Jean Philippe Jenny , Fabien Arnaud , Marie Elodie Perga , Isabelle Domaizon
Publication : Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Date : 2011
Volume : 77
Issue : 24
Pages : 8744-8753
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Quels indicateurs microbiens pour évaluer l’impact écotoxicologique des pesticides sur des fonctions écosystémiques terrestres et aquatiques ?
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Fabrice Martin , Olivier Crouzet , Marion Devers , Jérémie Béguet , Laure Mamy , Pierre Benoit , Christian Mougin , Stéphane Pesce
Publication : Innovations Agronomiques
Date : 2025
Volume : 59
Pages : 1-11
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Anthony Bouétard , Céline Noirot , Anne-Laure Besnard , Olivier Bouchez , Damien Choisne , Eugénie Robe , Christophe Klopp , Laurent Lagadic , Marie-Agnès Coutellec
Publication : Ecotoxicology
Date : 2012
Volume : 21
Issue : 8
Pages : 2222-2234
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PEARLRésumé
PurposeVertical transfer of solid matter in soils (bioturbation and translocation) is responsible for changes in soil properties over time through the redistribution of most of the soil constituents with depth. Such transfers are, however, still poorly quantified.Materials and methodsIn this study, we examine matter transfer in four eutric Luvisols through an isotopic approach based on 137Cs, 210Pb(xs), and meteoric 10Be. These isotopes differ with respect to chemical behavior, input histories, and half-lives, which allows us to explore a large time range. Their vertical distributions were modeled by a diffusion-advection equation with depth-dependent parameters. We estimated a set of advection and diffusion coefficients able to simulate all isotope depth distributions and validated the resulting model by comparing the depth distribution of organic carbon (including 12/13C and 14C isotopes) and of the 0–2-μm particles with the data.Results and discussionWe showed that (i) the model satisfactorily reproduces the organic carbon, 13C, and 14C depth distributions, indicating that organic carbon content and age can be explained by transport without invoking depth-dependent decay rates; (ii) translocation partly explains the 0–2-μm particle accumulation in the Bt horizon; and (iii) estimates of diffusion coefficients that quantify the soil mixing rate by bioturbation are significantly higher for the studied plots than those obtained by ecological studies.ConclusionsThis study presents a model capable of satisfactorily reproducing the isotopic profiles of several tracers and simulating the distribution of organic carbon and the translocation of 0–2-μm particles.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marianna Jagercikova , Sophie Cornu , Didier Bourlès , Olivier Evrard , Christine Hatté , Jérôme Balesdent
Publication : Journal of Soils and Sediments
Date : 2017
Volume : 17
Issue : 2
Pages : 408-422
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Mons #INRAERésumé
The potential contributions of exogenous organic matters (EOMs) to soil organic C and mineral N supply depend on their C and N mineralization, which can be assessed in laboratory incubations. Such incubations are essential to calibrate decomposition models, because not all EOMs can be tested in the field. However, EOM incubations are resource-intensive. Therefore, easily measurable EOM characteristics that can be useful to predict EOM behaviour are needed. We quantified C and N mineralization during the incubation of 663 EOMs from five groups (animal manures, composts, sewage sludges, digestates and others). This represents one of the largest and diversified set of EOM incubations. The C and N mineralization varied widely between and within EOM subgroups. We simulated C and N mineralization with a simple generic decomposition model. Three calibration methods were compared. Individual EOM calibration of the model yielded good model performances, while the use of a unique parameter set per EOM subgroup decreased the model performance, and the use of two EOM characteristics to estimate model parameters gave an intermediate model performance (average RMSE-C values of 32, 99 and 65 mg C g−1 added C and average RMSE-N values of 50, 126 and 110 mg N g−1 added N, respectively). Because of the EOM variability, individual EOM calibration based on incubation remains the recommended method for predicting most accurately the C and N mineralization of EOMs. However, the two alternative calibration methods are sufficient for the simulation of EOMs without incubation data to obtain reasonable model performances.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Florent Levavasseur , Gwenaelle Lashermes , Bruno Mary , Thierry Morvan , Bernard Nicolardot , Virginie Parnaudeau , Laurent Thuriès , Sabine Houot
Publication : Soil Use and Management
Date : 2025
Volume : 38
Issue : 1
Pages : 411-425
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO Colmar #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
The long-term experiment PROspective site is located at the Colmar Experimental Centre of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), in Colmar (Haut-Rhin, France; 48◦03’33’’ N, 7◦19’42’’ E, altitude 200 m). It is positioned on a silt–silt clayey calcisol soil. The upper horizon includes a plough layer (i.e., topsoil), which is carbonated. The climate is semicontinental, with a mean annual precipitation of 559 mm received mostly between May and October and an average annual air temperature of 11.3 ◦C. It is cropped with a rotation of maize, winter wheat, sugar beet and barley. Each organic waste product application are made before maize or sugar beat every 2 years most often in February, at doses equivalent to 170 kg N ha−1 (Michaud et al. 2021, Chen et al. 2022). // The figure in attached file presents the experimental plan of the PROspective long-term field experiment. The 2-ha field experiment is divided into 2 sub-devices “With_N” and “Without_N” including 24 plots of 10 m × 9 m in 4 blocks of replicates and a fifth block devoted to the following of the nitrogen dynamic with bare plots or control plots without mineral fertilization. The following organic waste products are randomly distributed within each block: Sewage sludge (SLU), Co-compost of sewage sludge with green waste and wood chips (GWS), Co-compost of the home-sorted fermentable fraction of municipal solid waste and green waste, also called biowaste compost (BIOW), Farmyard manure from a dairy farm (FYM), Compost of farmyard manure (CFYM), No organic amendment (control, or CN). // From 2000 to 2019, two phases were carried out in the PROspective long-term experiment as presented in the attached table, with the treatments randomly distributed in the 2 sub-devices, as follows: In the sub-device “with_N” in 2000–2019 on all plots of the blocks 1 to 4, additional mineral N fertilization was applied at doses between 0 and 170 kg N ha−1. In the sub-device “without_N”, in 2000-2014 on all plots no additional mineral N fertilization was applied; in 2015-2019 additional biowaste digestate (DIG) was applied at doses between 0 and 170 kg N ha−1.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Aurélia Michaud , Denis Montenach , Florent Levavasseur , Sabine Houot
Date : 2023