Résumé
This work describes some consequences of paternal germ cell DNA damage on the reproduction success in two fish species. Male brown trout (n = 31) and male Arctic charr (n = 28) were exposed to the model genotoxicant MMS at the end of spermatogenesis to generate a significant DNA damage level in mature spermatozoa (28% and 25% tail DNA in trout and charr sperm, respectively, evaluated through the comet assay). Sperm from each MMS exposed and control fish was then used to fertilize in vitro an aliquot of a single pool of eggs collected from 4 unexposed females for each species. Each batch of fertilized eggs was monitored individually in the hatchery to follow embryonic and larval abnormalities during the fry development. Paternal exposure did not influence fertilization rate or survival rate at hatching in either species. However, MMS paternal treatment resulted in a large array of morphological abnormalities during embryonic and larval development. At the eyed stage, malformations exhibited a 8 fold increase in trout and a 2 fold increase in charr for larvae stemming from MMS treated males as compared with controls. At the end of yolk sac resorption, an increase in the gross morphological abnormality incidence was found in trout larvae originating from MMS exposed males (2.10% vs. 0.93% in control, p < 0.05). When looking more in detail at bony structures after Alizarin red S staining, a 20% incidence of skeletal defects was recorded at the swimming stage. A positive correlation was found between the paternal sperm DNA damage level and the skeletal abnormality incidence of its progeny. During the next 2 months of development, mortality in trout originating from DNA damaged sperm was 3 times higher than in control. After one year, no effect of paternal treatment was found on growth traits (length and weight) but the gross morphological abnormality incidence was still very high in the treated group (27% malformation incidence vs. 0.5% in control). These results demonstrate ecologically relevant consequences of fish spermatozoa DNA damage and stress the value of using this parameter as a biomarker signaling potential long term effects of environmental genotoxins in aquatic systems.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Alain Devaux , Luc Fiat , Christian Gillet , Sylvie Bony
Publication : Aquatic Toxicology
Date : 2025
Volume : 101
Issue : 2
Pages : 405-411
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
We compared the properties of the clay mineral fraction and the composition of soil solutions in a Fagus sylvatica coppice (native forest) and four adjacent plantations of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus nigra, Picea abies and Quercus sessiliflora planted in 1976. The results revealed changes of clay fraction properties due to tree species effect. Clay samples from Douglas fir and pine stands differ when compared to other species. Twenty-eight years after planting, we observed the following changes: a more pronounced swelling after citrate extraction and ethylene glycol solvation, a higher CEC and a smaller poorly crystallised aluminium content. All these changes affecting the clay fraction agreed well with soil solution analyses which revealed high NO3 (-), H+ and Al concentrations under Douglas fir and pine. These changes were explained by a strong net nitrification under Douglas fir and pine stands when compared with other tree species. The higher NO3 (-) concentrations in soil solutions should be linked to the presence, type and activity of ammonia-oxiding bacteria which are likely influenced by tree species. The production of NO3 (-) in excess of biological demand leads to a net production of hydrogen ion and enhances the dissolution of poorly crystallised Al-minerals. Secondary Al-bearing minerals constituted the principal acid-consuming system in these soils. As a consequence, the depletion of interlayer spaces of hydroxyinterlayered minerals increases the number of sites for exchangeable cation fixation and increases CEC of the clay fraction. The dissolution of Al oxy-hydroxides explain the increase in Al concentrations of soil solutions under Douglas fir and pine stands when compared to other species. Nitrate and dissolved aluminium were conjointly leached in the soil solutions. A change in environmental conditions, like an introduction of tree species, enough modifies soil processes to induce significant changes in the soil mineralogical composition even over a period of time as short as some tens of years. Generally, mineral weathering has been considered to be very slow and unlikely to change over tens of years, resulting in few studies capable of detecting changes in mineralogy. This study appears to have detected changes in clay mineralogy during a period of 28 years after the planting of forest species. Our study represents a single location with a limited block design, but causes us to conclude that the observed changes could be widely representative. Where available, archived samples should be utilized and long-term experiments set up so that similar changes can be tested for and detected using more robust designs. The plausible hypothesis we present to explain apparent changes in clay mineralogy has strong relevance to the sustainable management of land.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Louis Mareschal , Marie-Pierre Turpault , Pascal Bonnaud , Jacques Ranger
Publication : Biogeochemistry
Date : 2013
Volume : 112
Issue : 1-3
Pages : 293-309
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Breuil #INRAERésumé
Partitioning tissue metal concentration into subcellular compartments reflecting toxicologically available pools may provide good descriptors of the toxicological effects of metals on organisms. Here we investigated the relationships between internal compartmentalization of Cd, Pb and Zn and biomarker responses in a model soil organism: the earthworm. The aim of this study was to identify metal fractions reflecting the toxic pressure in an endogeic, naturally occurring earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa) exposed to realistic field-contaminated soils.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Léa Beaumelle , Mickaël Hedde , Franck Vandenbulcke , Isabelle Lamy
Publication : Environmental Pollution
Date : 2025
Volume : 224
Pages : 185-194
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #BiochemEnv #INRAERésumé
Lakes provide ecosystem services such as water resources, tourism, biodiversity, and fishing, and therefore their management represents important societal challenges. Since the early 1960s, significant anthropogenic pressures (human population growth and industrial and agricultural development) have accelerated the degradation of lake ecosystems, leading to eutrophication and subsequent increased sedimentation on fish spawning grounds and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations. This negatively affects the natural recruitment of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), an emblematic species of peri-alpine lakes. Over the years, such processes have resulted in a decline in the whitefish population stock, thereby leading to a drastic drop in catch and causing major economic losses. From the beginning of the 1980s, alongside the restoration of water quality, professional fishers, recreational anglers, state services, and researchers from INRA worked together to develop an applied research program called ‘Pacage Lacustre’ to improve and optimise salmonid stocking. The goal was to counterbalance the low juvenile natural recruitment and maintain whitefish populations. Here, we retrospectively retrace the key stages of this research program and its main impacts on society. Collaborative efforts played a key role in rehabilitating whitefish populations in lakes Geneva and Bourget, particularly when their abundances were the lowest. Therefore, these efforts had a substantial impact on preserving commercial and recreational fishery activities, in addition to favorable societal impacts, highlighting the importance of such collaborative work.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Hervé Rogissart , Chloé Goulon , Jean Guillard , Orlane Anneville , Chloé Goulon , Juha Karjalainen , Jean Guillard , Jared T. Myers , Jason Stockwell
Publication : International Journal of Limnology
Date : 2025
Volume : 60
Pages : 13
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Calcium dissolved deposition shows an unusual spatial structure in France, probably due to the contribution of southern air masses from Mediterranean Sea and Saharan desert. These masses are often loaded with terrigenous particles that contain carbonates. However, no precise relationship has been quantified between dissolved Ca and mineral dust deposition (MDD). The database of the French network RENECOFOR, gathering atmospheric deposition <0.45 mu m in 27 sites near forests during 18 years, was used to determine the non-sea-salt atmospheric deposition over France. This study (1) explores the relationship between dissolved components to decipher their origin in atmospheric deposition nearby forests and (2) tests the use of dissolved Ca and Mg as proxies for MDD. In the RENECOFOR database, non-sea-salt Ca (nssCa) preferentially deposited between May and August. MDD observed in RENECOFOR was synchronic with high nssCa deposition, particularly in June 2008, when air mass highly loaded with Saharan dust covered France. The dissolution of this mineral dust likely contributed to the nssCa deposition of this period and suggested a relationship between the depositions of nssCa and MDD. Then, MDD was specifically sampled with dissolved deposition in four sampling sites. Encouraging relationships were found between MDD and the depositions of nssMg and nssCa, suggesting that the latter could be used as a proxy for MDD in regions where it is not monitored, and in a retrospective approach in order to calculate nutrient fluxes.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Emeline Lequy , Manuel Nicolas , Sebastien Conil , Marie-Pierre Turpault
Publication : Water, air and soil pollution
Date : 2013
Volume : 224
Issue : 9
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Breuil #INRAERésumé
In forest ecosystems, the specific influence of soil resources on stand productivity is difficult to assess because many other ecological variables also affect tree growth. In this study, we took advantage of a natural soil gradient, from shallow calcic soil to deep acidic soil, all with similar climate, atmospheric depositions, species composition and management, to determine the relationship between soil nutritive resources and the growth and mineral nutrition of a beech (Fagus sylvatica) mature forest of Northeastern France. Soil resources were assessed through the quantification of the stocks of available water and mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg, K and P2O5). Beech stand growth and mineral nutrition were determined through the use of several indicators, i.e., standing aboveground biomass and annual biomass production, potential growth index (prediction of the height of dominant trees at 100 years) and foliar nutrient content. We observed a gradient of nutritive resources in soils as well as a gradient of stand growth on the study site: the current aboveground biomass was highest on the calci-brunisol which presented the highest water and nutrient stocks while it was lowest on the rendisol, characterized by a very low water holding capacity and a very low stock of available K. However, the growth of beech trees on the rendisol was equivalent to the highest growth classes of beech trees in France, and K nutrition was optimal. Observations on the study site suggest that, in favorable climate conditions, some biological adaptation processes, such as an efficient root colonization as well as an efficient nutrient cycling may allow to maintain stand growth and nutrition on soils with low water and nutrient reserves. The fertility of forest soils has thus to be assessed in a dynamic way by integrating nutrient fluxes as well as the adaptations of trees to environmental constraints. The biological processes become an increasingly important part in the conservation of soil fertility, notably in the perspective of global changes.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Christophe Calvaruso , Gil Kirchen , Laurent Saint-André , Paul-Olivier Redon , Marie-Pierre Turpault
Publication : Catena
Date : 2025
Volume : 155
Pages : 156-169
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Montiers #INRAERésumé
Microorganisms in soil are known to be a source and a sink of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The role of the microbial VOCs on soil ecosystem regulation has been increasingly demonstrated in the recent years. Nevertheless, little is known about the influence of the microbial soil community structure and diversity on VOC emissions. This novel study analyzed the effect of reduced microbial diversity in soil on VOC emissions. We found that reduced levels of microbial diversity in soil increased VOC emissions from soils, while the number of different VOCs emitted decreased. Furthermore, we found that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and fungi phyla were positively correlated to VOC emissions, and other prokaryotic phyla were either negatively correlated or very slightly positively correlated to VOCs emissions. Our interpretation is that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and fungi were VOC producers while the other prokaryotic phyla were consumers. Finally, we discussed the possible role of VOCs as mediators of microbial interactions in soil.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Letizia Abis , Benjamin Loubet , Raluca Ciuraru , Florence Lafouge , Sabine Houot , Virginie Nowak , Julie Tripied , Samuel Dequiedt , Pierre Alain Maron , Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau
Publication : Scientific Reports
Date : 2020
Volume : 10
Issue : 1
Pages : 6104
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #Genosol #INRAE #PRORésumé
En contexte de grandes cultures céréalières et industrielles du nord de la France, 7 systèmes de culture mis en place sur la station agronomique d'Estrées-Mons (80) ont été suivis de 2018 à 2024 afin d'évaluer un gradient de réduction de la protection phytosanitaire via le recours à des leviers agronomiques compensateurs. L'expérimentation mise en place propose une approche transversale combinant la réduction de l'usage des produits phytosanitaires et l'amélioration du bilan des gaz à effet de serre (GES), notamment par la réduction de la fertilisation azotée. Les systèmes de culture conçus pour réduire l'usage des pesticides ont permis de réduire l'indicateur de fréquence de traitement (IFT) de 70 à 100% sans nuire de façon significative aux rendements tout en assurant la maîtrise des adventices. Une réduction des résidus de fongicides et herbicides dans les sols a aussi été mesurée. Les leviers mobilisés pour réduire l'usage des produits phytosanitaires ont un effet neutre sur les émissions de GES, voire favorable lorsque des légumineuses ayant pour objectifs la couverture du sol et l'équilibrage du bilan azoté sont introduites dans la succession.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Célestin Valentin , Paul Belleville , Sébastien Darras , Fabien Ferchaud , Joël Leonard , Laure Mamy , Jérôme Pernel , Guillaume Vitte
Publication : Innovations Agronomiques
Date : 2024
Volume : 98
Pages : 161
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Mons #INRAERésumé
There are no doubts long-term observatories provide unique insight on ecosystems trajectories. Can we use earliest data to set restoration goals? We take the example of Lake Geneva, for which descriptions of the ecosystem are available for as soon as the late 19th and early 20th century. Forel writes about how the luxuriant growth of plant communities provided important habitat for aquatic animals, as well as trapping nutrients and affecting water currents. It can be hard to believe Forel is referring to the same lake as present-day Lake Geneva; however, without continuous monitoring, this qualitative description can hardly be compared to recent observations. We resorted to paleolimnology to quantify the changes in plankton communities, as a proxy of general ecological changes, over the past 1,500 years. Our results show that from 563 AD (beginning of the record) to the 20th century, the cladoceran assemblage remained stable, despite important amplitude of climate variability (3°C). Trajectory of Lake Geneva shifted for the first time in 1946. Online dynamic linear models revealed the following transition, in 1958-1961, transition was critical, i.e., the ecosystem changed state. Littoral associated species were totally lost, and the assemblage is now dominated by pelagic species. The shift took place around the beginning of the long-term monitoring program, when local perturbations (eutrophication) were escalading. Our result raises the vexing observation that the historical dataset, one of the longest records in the world, may not provide a baseline for Lake Geneva’s condition.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Rosalie Bruel , Stéphanie Girardclos , Aldo Marchetto , Katrina Kremer , Christian Crouzet , Jean-Louis Reyss , Sabatier Pierre , Marie-Elodie Perga
Date : 2019
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Rosalie Bruel , Stéphanie Girardclos , Aldo Marchetto , Katrina Kremer , Christian Crouzet , Jean-Louis Reyss , Pierre Sabatier , Marie-Elodie Perga
Publication : Journal of Paleolimnology
Date : 2025
Volume : 65
Issue : 3
Pages : 353-368