Résumé
In Europe, spreading organic wastes to fertilize soils is an alternative commonly used instead of chemical fertilizers. Through their contributions of nutrients and organic matter, these wastes promote plant growth and thus agricultural production. However, these organic amendments can also contain mineral and organic pollutants requiring chemical and ecotoxicological analyses to guarantee their harmlessness on soil and its organisms during spreading. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential toxicity of three organic amendments from different sources (sewage sludge, dairy cow manure, dairy cow slurry) by performing chemical analyses and acute toxicity tests on three types of organism: earthworms, plants, soil microbial communities. Chemical analysis revealed a higher content of certain pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals in sewage sludge in comparison with the two other types of organic wastes. The ecotoxicological assessment showed a dose-dependent effect on soil organisms for the three organic amendments with higher toxic effects during the exposure tests with a soil amended with dairy cow slurry. However, at realistic spreading doses (10 and 20 g kg−1 dry weight of organic amendments) on a representative exposed soil, organic amendment did not show any toxicity in the three organisms studied and had positive effects such as increased earthworm biomass, increased plant root growth and earthworm behavior showing attraction for organic amendment. On the contrary, exposure assays carried out on a limited substrate like sandy soil showed increased toxicity of organic amendments on plant germination and root growth. Overall, the ecotoxicological analysis revealed greater toxicity for soil organisms during the amendment of cow slurry, contrary to the chemical analysis which showed the potential high risk of spreading sewage sludge due to the presence of a higher quantity of pollutants. The analysis of the chemical composition and use of acute toxicity tests is the first essential step for assessing the ecotoxicological risk of spreading organic amendments on soil organisms. In addition to standard tests, the study suggests using a representative soil in acute toxicity tests to avoid overestimating the toxic effects of these organic amendments.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Olivier Roques , Jean-Philippe Bedell , Julia Le Maux , Laure Wiest , Sylvie Nélieu , Christian Mougin , Nathalie Cheviron , Olivier Santini , Vivien Lecomte , Rémy Bayard
Publication : Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Date : 2025
Volume : 84
Issue : 2
Pages : 248-266
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Maria Mercedes Nicolosi Gelis , Alexis Canino , Agnès Bouchez , Isabelle Domaizon , Christophe Laplace-Treyture , Frédéric Rimet , Benjamin Alric
Publication : Science of The Total Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 914
Pages : 169774
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs François Keck , Laurent Millet , Didier Debroas , David Etienne , Didier Galop , Damien Rius , Isabelle Domaizon
Publication : Nature Communications
Date : 2025
Volume : 11
Issue : 1
Pages : 3831
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Lake water quality assessment requires quantification of phytoplankton abundance. Optical satellite imagery allows us to map this information within the entire lake area. The ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) estimates Chl-a concentrations, based on medium resolution satellite data, on a global scale. Chl-a concentrations provided by the ESA-CCI consortium were analyzed to assess their representativeness for water quality monitoring and subsequent phenology studies in Lake Geneva. Based on vertically resolved in-situ data, those datasets were evaluated through match-up comparisons. Because the underlying algorithms do not take into account the vertical distribution of phytoplankton, a specific analysis was performed to evaluate any potential biases in remote sensing estimation, and consequences for observed phenological trends. Different approaches to data averaging were performed to reconstruct Chl-a estimates provided by the remote sensing algorithms. Strong correlation (R-value > 0.89) and acceptable discrepancies (rmse ~ 1.4 mg.m 3) were observed for the ESA-CCI data. This approach permitted recalibration of the ESA CCI data for Lake Geneva. Finally, merging satellite and in-situ data provided a consistent time series for long term analysis of phytoplankton phenology and its interannual variability since 2002. This combination of in-situ and satellite data improved the temporal resolution of the time series, enabling a more accurate identification of the timing of specific spring events characterising phytoplankton phenology.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Mona Bonnier , Orlane Anneville , R. Iestyn Woolway , Stephen J. Thackeray , Guillaume P. Morin , Nathalie Reynaud , Frédéric Soulignac , Thierry Tormos , Tristan Harmel
Publication : Journal of Great Lakes Research
Date : 2025
Volume : 50
Issue : 4
Pages : 102372
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Recycling organic wastes on agricultural soils improves the soil quality, but the environmental and health impact of these organic amendments closely depends on their origins, their bio-physicochemical characteristics and the considered organisms potentially affected. The aim of this study was to assess the potential chronic ecotoxicity of spreading organic amendments on agricultural soils. To do this, we characterized three different organic amendments: sewage sludge from an urban wastewater treatment plant, cow manure and liquid dairy manure. Their chronic ecotoxicity was studied through assays exposing earthworms of the species Eisenia fetida and two plants: Medicago sativa and Sinapis alba. Of the three amendments, the sewage sludge presented the highest concentrations of micropollutants and a considerable fraction of available and biodegradable organic matter. The cow manure and liquid dairy manure had lower chemical contamination and similar characteristics with lower biodegradable fractions of their organic matter. No chronic phytotoxicity was evidenced: on the contrary, particularly with sewage sludge, the germination rate and aerial and root biomass of the two plants increased. Considering earthworms, their biomass increased considerably during the reproduction assays in soil amended with sewage sludge, which contained the more bioavailable organic matter. Nonetheless, the earthworms pre sented an inhibition close to 78% of the production of juveniles when exposed to sewage sludge exceeding 20 g. kg-1 DW (that means 2 times the agronomic dose). This reprotoxic effect was also observed in the presence of liquid dairy manure, but not with cow manure. At the end of the assays, the glycogen and protein reserves in earthworms exposed to sewage sludge were inferior to that of control earthworms, respectively around 50% and 30%. For the earthworms exposed to liquid dairy manure, protein and lipid reserves increased. In the case of liquid dairy manure, this reprotoxic effect did not appear to be linked to the presence of micropollutants. In conclusion, our results confirm the need to use several ecotoxicity assays at different biological levels and with different biological models to assess the ecotoxic impacts of soil amendments. Indeed, although certain organic wastes present a strong nutritional potential for both plants and earthworms, a not inconsiderable risk was apparent for the reproduction of the latter. An integrated ecotoxicity criterion that takes into account a weighted sum of the different results would guide the utilization of organic amendments while ensuring the good health of agricultural ecosystems.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Olivier Roques , Rémy Bayard , Julia Le Maux , Dominique Patureau , Sylvie Nélieu , Isabelle Lamy , Jean-Philippe Bedell
Publication : Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Date : 2025
Volume : 265
Pages : 115504
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAERésumé
Transitions between saline and fresh waters have been shown to be infrequent for microorganisms. Based on host-specific interactions, the presence of specific clades among hosts suggests the existence of freshwater-specific viral clades. Yet, little is known about the composition and diversity of the temperate freshwater viral communities, and even if freshwater lakes and marine waters harbor distinct clades for particular viral sub-families, this distinction remains to be demonstrated on a community scale. To help identify the characteristics and potential specificities of freshwater viral communities, such communities from two lakes differing by their ecological parameters were studied through metagenomics. Both the cluster richness and the species richness of the Lake Bourget virome were significantly higher that those of the Lake Pavin, highlighting a trend similar to the one observed for microorganisms (i.e. the specie richness observed in mesotrophic lakes is greater than the one observed in oligotrophic lakes). Using 29 previously published viromes, the cluster richness was shown to vary between different environment types and appeared significantly higher in marine ecosystems than in other biomes. Furthermore, significant genetic similarity between viral communities of related environments was highlighted as freshwater, marine and hypersaline environments were separated from each other despite the vast geographical distances between sample locations within each of these biomes. An automated phylogeny procedure was then applied to marker genes of the major families of single-stranded (Microviridae, Circoviridae, Nanoviridae) and double-stranded (Caudovirales) DNA viruses. These phylogenetic analyses all spotlighted a very broad diversity and previously unknown clades undetectable by PCR analysis, clades that gathered sequences from the two lakes. Thus, the two freshwater viromes appear closely related, despite the significant ecological differences between the two lakes. Furthermore, freshwater viral communities appear genetically distinct from other aquatic ecosystems, demonstrating the specificity of freshwater viruses at a community scale for the first time.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Simon Roux , Francois Enault , Agnès Robin , Viviane Ravet , Sébastien Personnic , Sébastien Theil , Jonathan Colombet , Télesphore Sime-Ngando , Didier Debroas , Darren P. Martin
Publication : Plos One
Date : 2012
Volume : 7
Issue : 3
Pages : e33641
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs R Calone , J Léonard , F Ferchaud , A Lagomarsino
Date : 2025
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Mons #INRAERésumé
A range of agroecological practices allow to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, which makes a positive impact on climate change mitigation and soil health, but the permanence of this additional SOC storage can be questioned, in particular in a climate change context. Increased temperatures, accentuated evaporation of terrestrial water and increased atmosphere moisture content are anticipated, resulting in more frequent droughts and heavy precipitation events. Understanding the SOC dynamics and assessing the sensitivity of carbon mineralization to these climatic events is necessary to anticipate future carbon losses in terrestrial ecosystems. To this respect, it seems relevant to investigate carbon-storing soils as increased carbon mineralization induced by climate change may limit the carbon storing potential in agricultural soils. Thus, we evaluated the sensitivity of SOC mineralization to increased temperature, decreased soil moisture and drying-rewetting cycles using soils from long-term field experiments. We performed an incubation experiment on topsoil (0–30 cm) samples from temperate luvisols that had been under 20 years under conservation agriculture (CA), organic agriculture (ORG) and conventional agriculture (CON-LC) at the La Cage experiment, and under organic waste products (OWPs) applications in QualiAgro experiment, including biowaste composts (BIOW), residual municipal solid waste composts (MSW), farmyard manure (FYM) and conventional agriculture without organic inputs (CON-QA). Soil samples were incubated in the lab for 3 months under different temperature conditions (20, 28 and 35 °C) or under different moisture conditions (matric potential: pF1.5; pF 2.5 and pF 4.2) or under several dry (pF 4.2)-wet (pF 1.5) cycles (DWC). The results shown that, whatever the agricultural practices, soil moisture regime and temperature significantly affect the SOC mineralization. Overall, the DWC did not stimulate soil carbon mineralization relative to wet controls (pF1.5 and pF2.5). Whatever the soil moisture regime and temperature, specific carbon mineralization was similar between agricultural practices at La Cage, while at QualiAgro, specific carbon mineralization was lower in soils receiving organic waste products (OWPs) compared to the baseline soil. These results suggest a strong carbon stabilization by OWPs in soils as assessed by laboratory incubation experiments. Within each long-term experiment, we observed no significant difference between the carbon-storing soils (CA, ORG, MSW, FYM and BIOW) and their respective baseline soils (CON-LC and CON-QA) in the delta SOC mineralized whatever the soil moisture regime. The Q10 also indicated no significant difference between carbon-storing soils and their respective baseline soils. These results indicate that the SOC mineralization in carbon-storing soils had a similar sensitivity to the soil moisture regime and temperature as the baseline ones. Hence, the implementation of these agroecological practices appears beneficial for climate change mitigation, even in the context of extreme climatic events.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Tchodjowiè P. I. Kpemoua , Sarah Leclerc , Pierre Barré , Sabine Houot , Valérie Pouteau , Cédric Plessis , Claire Chenu
Publication : Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Date : 2023
Volume : 183
Pages : 109043
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Auriane Voyard , Raluca Ciuraru , Michael Staudt , Benjamin Loubet , Frédéric Rees
Date : 2023
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PT-RMSRésumé
The invasive bloody red mysid, Hemimysis anomala, has recently colonised peri-alpine lakes in Western Europe. During the last decade, scuba divers have regularly reported observations of substantial winter swarms of this animal in Lakes Bourget (France) and Geneva (Switzerland-France). During the last four years, we have regularly dived and observed such phenomena in a variety of habitats, revealing thousands to millions of individuals during the period between December and March, with maximal densities occurring in the water column and small open wrecks in January or February. Surprisingly, however, no swarm was observed during the winters of 2022–2023. This led to the hypothesis that temperature could be the main direct or indirect factor responsible for this lower abundance, resulting in the absence of significant gatherings. Some possible explanations are discussed.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Stéphan Jacquet
Publication : Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
Date : 2025
Issue : 424
Pages : 14