Résumé
The assessment of long-term effects of forest management practices, particularly species mixing and stand density, provides valuable information for the forestry sectors. This study evaluated and compared the effect of stand composition and density on organic horizon (i.e., OL, OF, OH) and organo-mineral horizon characteristics of nine stands in the Orleans State Forest (France), seven years after the first thinning treatments. To this end, three triplets of stands of pure Quercus petraea Matt., pure Pinus sylvestris L. and a mixture of both species were selected. Each stand consisted of two plots with different tree densities: low and normal. Physicochemical variables were measured on the organic humus horizon (OH), while microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), and soil microbial metabolic profile were evaluated on the organo-mineral horizon; the abundance of soil microbial populations (i.e., bacteria, fungi and archaea) in each plot was also assessed by qPCR. The OH thickness consistently increased under pure pine stands (25-35 mm), while other OH characteristics showed no variation based on stand composition and tree density. Low-density plots exhibited changes in microbial biomass, with a significant decrease in both MBC and MBN. Moreover, the highest MBC was recorded under pure pine stands (1241 mg C.kg(- 1 )DW soil), and the highest MBN under pure oak stands (24-39 mg N.kg(- 1 ) DW soil). The highest C assimilation rates were recorded in the mixed stands, especially under low tree density. Bacteria and archea were similarly abundant across stand compositions and tree densities, while fungi tended to be more abundant in the mixed coniferous-broadleaf stands. Our findings should be considered by the forestry sectors of European countries where these two species are distributed, and suggest that EU forestry strategies should promote biodiversity in the context of tree plantations.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Mehrdad Zarafshar , Gaelle Vincent , Nathalie Korboulewsky , Stephane Bazot
Publication : CATENA
Date : 2024
Volume : 234
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #FORET OPTMix #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Christian Pichot , Anas Azdad , Brett Choquet , Philippe Clastre , Rachid Yahiaoui , Damien Maurice
Date : 2025
Catégorie(s)
#⛔ No DOI found #Ecoinfo #INRAERésumé
Plastic pollution, a global threat to environmental and human health, is now ubiquitous in the environment, including agricultural soils receiving urban compost amendments. Yet, the accumulation pattern of microplastics in soils are still to be disentangled, with regards to their sources and/or their physical properties such as morphotypes. The aim of this study was to identify the accumulation patterns of coarse microplastics (CMP) resulting from the long-term amendment of soil with urban waste composts. To this end, we used a field experiment receiving three different urban composts derived from municipal solid waste, biowaste, and a mixture of sewage sludge and green waste. We isolated 1417 coarse microplastic particles from a 21-year archive of soil and compost samples, using density fractionation followed by oxidation, and used Py-GC/MS for polymer identification. Different compost types led to different coarse microplastics accumulation levels. The accumulation pattern showed increasing CMP contents in soils over time. After 21 years of experiment, the calculated number of CMP was in accordance with the estimated values for all three compost types but it was not the case for the CMP mass. No difference of evolution pattern was found between films and fragments. We proposed that biotic transport or abiotic weathering and fragmentation could explain such differences in CMP evolution pattern.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Gabin Colombini , Fatima Senouci , Cornelia Rumpel , Sabine Houot , Philippe Biron , Axel Felbacq , Marie-France Dignac
Publication : Environmental Pollution
Date : 2025
Volume : 363
Pages : 125076
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Abraham Pappoe , Zuzana Fekiacova-Castanet , Abel Guihou , Àngela D. Bosch‑Serra , Pierre Deschamps , Frédéric Feder , Jakob Magid , Thierry Morvan , Denis Testemale , Emmanuel Doelsch
Publication : Journal of Hazardous Materials
Date : 2025
Volume : 480
Pages : 136039
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO EFELE #PRO ReunionAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Auriane Voyard , Raluca Ciuraru , Florence Lafouge , Céline Decuq , Alain Fortineau , Benjamin Loubet , Michael Staudt , Frédéric Rees
Publication : Science of The Total Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 955
Pages : 177081
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PT-RMSRésumé
Anaerobic digestion of organic waste is a key process to produce renewable energy and meet the growing demand for sustainable energy. The residues of anaerobic digestion – called digestates – can be used as soil amendments to improve crop yields. However, the effect of digestates on the soil biota, especially on microorganisms, needs to be better documented before a large scale use of digestates in agriculture. In addition, how the quality and composition of the digestate may affect soil microbial communities has not been properly addressed yet. We designed a microcosm experiment under controlled experimental conditions to compare effects (42 days) of four digestates produced from varying intakes (cattle manure and/or energy crop and/or food residues and/or slurry) on soil microbial communities; a control microcosm made of undigested cattle manure was also used. Each digestate was applied on three contrasting soils representing contrasted pedo-climatic conditions (especially soil type and climate). These three soils presented different prokaryotic and fungal communities structures. The effect of digestate inputs on the soil microbial biomass and diversity was assessed using molecular DNA-based tools (quantification of extracted soil DNA and high-throughput sequencing, respectively) in comparison to the untreated cattle manure control condition. Our results show that 42 days after digestate application, significant differences of soil microbial communities were observed according to the digestate characteristics; these differences were soil-dependent. Thus, in the silty clay loam soil, no effect of digestates was observed on soil microbial biomass or diversity (P > 0.05), as compared to the undigested cattle manure. In the two other soil types (loam and sandy loam), soil microbial biomass decreased (around −40 %, P 0.05). Digestate application resulted in higher fungal diversity (around +35 %; P < 0.001) in soils with low C/N ratio (9.14 in average). The microbial community structure of coarse-textured soil appeared more impacted by organic inputs than fine-textured soils. To conclude, our results show that different soil types, harboring distinct microbial community structures, responded differently to different digestates application. This response was also digestate-dependent.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs F. Vautrin , P. Piveteau , M. Cannavacciuolo , P. Barré , C. Chauvin , C. Villenave , D. Cluzeau , K. Hoeffner , P. Mulliez , V. Jean-Baptiste , G. Vrignaud , J. Tripied , S. Dequiedt , P. A. Maron , L. Ranjard , S. Sadet-Bourgeteau
Publication : Applied Soil Ecology
Date : 2024
Volume : 193
Pages : 105105
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees. One possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption, foliar leaching and senesced leaves. However, the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly documented. An experiment in a beech forest in Meuse (France) was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period. The aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for trees. Monitoring nutrient dynamics, including resorption, chemistry of green and senesced leaves, foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years (i.e., with an intense drought event during the growing season). During dry years, we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium (K) partitioning to resorption (i.e. resorption efficiency), thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing season. This result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades, there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees, as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study site. Reduced foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus (P) were also observed. In addition, a slight increase in nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree nutrition. The calcium (Ca) negative resorption decreased, with no apparent consequence in our study site. Our results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf pool can be modified by drought events, and may have consequences on tree nutrition.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs J. Touche , C. Calvaruso , P. De Donato , M. -P. Turpault
Publication : Forest Ecosystems
Date : 2024
Volume : 11
Pages : 100173
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Montiers #INRAERésumé
This study quantifies the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) geostationary sensor onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, along seven key dimensions, i.e., diurnal cycle, daily, intra-annual, inter-annual, ecosystem, climate zone, and products intercomparison. In situ measurements were collected at 54 eddy covariance (EC) sites to evaluate the accuracy of SEVIRI actual ET products (diurnal and daily SEVIRI-ETa) as well as reference ET (daily SEVIRI-ET0) covering the period from 2004 to 2018 across Europe. SEVIRI-ETa is produced by the Tiled ECMWF Surface Scheme of Exchange processes at the Land surface (TESSEL) model, while SEVIRI-ET0 is estimated by a combination of a thermodynamically-based and an atmospheric boundary layer model. This evaluation is further separated according to the land cover heterogeneity of the SEVIRI pixels across all 54 EC sites, using MODIS land cover data. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), along with the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) and their respective decompositions, were employed to quantify the errors. For diurnal SEVIRI-ETa estimates, we found that the KGE (RMSE [mm hour−1]) varied between −1.6 (0.04) to 0.8 (0.14), with a median value of 0.26 (0.07). Higher accuracy for diurnal SEVIRI-ETa was obtained in the summer and during the mid-day time. For daily SEVIRI-ETa, the KGE (RMSE [mm day−1]) varied between −0.88 (0.43) to 0.93 (1.79), with a median value of 0.6 (0.77) and for daily SEVIRI-ET0 the KGE (RMSE [mm day−1]) varied between 0.51 (0.40) to 0.94 (1.50), with a median value of 0.77 (0.57). For daily SEVIRI-ETa, intra-annual accuracy was low from January to March, increased in the mid-year, and then began to decline from November to December. Although accuracy remained relatively stable during the middle of the year, it varied considerably in the winter period. In the inter-annual dimension, the mid-year positive KGE values and distributions changed over time from 2004 to 2018. In spatial dimensions, the highest accuracy was in peat and grassland ecosystems, and the lowest in cropland ecosystem, with similar patterns observed in the boreal snow fully humid warm summer and warm temperate fully humid hot summer climate zones. Regarding SEVIRI-ET0 results, similar to SEVIRI-ETa, intra-annual accuracy was low in the first quarter of the year and the last one but high in the mid-year. In the inter-annual dimension, unlike SEVIRI-ETa, almost an identical pattern was observed for the mid-year positive KGE values, demonstrating only a slight change in SEVIRI-ET0 accuracy during 2004–2018. However, the highest accuracy was found in crop ecosystem, while the lowest was in forest ecosystem, reflecting similar trends in the warm temperate fully humid hot summer and warm temperate summer dry hot summer climate zones. The observed range of median RMSE changed between 0.4 and 1.5 mm day−1, also suggests a reasonable accuracy for SEVIRI-ET estimates in all spatial domains. Our results showed that the main trends in the accuracies (median KGEs) of SEVIRI-ET (both ETa and ET0) remained similar in separated homogeneous and heterogeneous sites and were comparable to combined sites among the dimensions. Through error decomposition, we discerned that SEVIRI-ET estimates performed particularly well in explaining inter-annual and spatial variabilities. Furthermore, the intercomparison of ET products revealed that SEVIRI satellite-derived ETa exhibited the strongest correlation with in situ ET measurements across all ecosystem types and climate zones, outperforming other products (such as MODIS, PML, GLEAM, and BESS). The ET estimates from other products exhibited lower standard deviation errors and were in closer agreement with the in situ measurements. This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of SEVIRI diurnal and daily ET products across Europe, which may serve as a stimulus for further optimized selection of these products by potential users for various applications.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Bagher Bayat , Rahul Raj , Alexander Graf , Harry Vereecken , Carsten Montzka
Publication : Remote Sensing of Environment
Date : 2024
Volume : 301
Pages : 113875
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Mons #ANR-Citation #INRAERésumé
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of environmental characteristics and anthropogenic pressures on the abundance of estuarine European eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) during their continental growth phase. European eels were collected with fyke nets from spring to autumn in twenty-nine estuaries along the French English Channel and the Atlantic coast. Eel abundance (catch per unit effort, CPUE) was assessed for all eels and by size class for small (total length < 300 mm), intermediate (≥300 to <450 mm), and large (≥450 mm) eels. The environmental characteristics of the French estuaries were described by twelve descriptor variables, mainly related to hydro-morphological and sedimentary factors. Based on principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, estuary size was identified as the main explanatory variable and used to compare eel abundance. Eel abundance differed significantly according to estuary size, with higher abundances observed in small estuaries (7.22 to 13.00 ind. fyke nets 24 h−1) compared to large estuaries (0.13 to 0.71 ind. fyke nets 24 h−1). Spatial variation in eel abundance was correlated with differences in estuary size for all eel size classes. The influence of anthropogenic pressures on eel abundance was assessed by nine anthropogenic estuarine pressure indicators. The results indicate that high values of the anthropogenic pressure indicators were correlated with low eel abundance. This study highlights that large French estuaries subject to stronger anthropogenic pressures were less favourable habitats than small estuaries with less anthropogenic pressure.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Jérémy Denis , Mario Lepage , Marie-Christine Gruselle , Rachid Amara
Publication : Fishes
Date : 2024
Volume : 9
Issue : 2
Pages : 44
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #XPORésumé
Forest management aims to maintain sustainable production of quality wood while limiting increased competition between trees for light, water, and nutrients. Thinning is a widely used silvicultural practice to reduce plants competition for resources while still exploiting the wood. The investigation of the effects of forest management on stand functioning typically centers on the above-ground compartment, overlooking the alterations and influences exerted on below-ground biotic factors. Within the soil matrix, biological mechanisms are mainly governed by microbial communities. Many studies have focused on the effects of thinning on soil microbial communities (SMC), evidencing contrasted effects. Conversely, stand density effects on SMC are less documented. The aim of this study is therefore to focus on the effects of stand density (SD) on SMC biomass, gene abundance, functional diversity, and activity, according two sylvicultural practices: dynamic (low SD) and conservative (medium SD) in a temperate Quercus petraea Stand (QS) in Europe Forest. We hypothesized that dynamic silviculture (low-SD) could promote soil SMC biomass, abundance, functional diversity, and activity. Our results showed that dynamic silvicultural practices in oak forests reduced the abundances of bacteria, archaea and fungi were reduced by 43 %, 29 % and 34 %, respectively. SMC functional diversity was reduced by 10 % in dynamic forestry stands. On the contrary, dynamic silvicultural practices increased soil microbial activity by 13 to 47 %, depending on the carbon source added, compared with conservative silviculture. Our results were incremented with an extensive number of biotic and abiotic environmental variables that had contrasting effects on SMC, and there is no single factor, which alone can explain all the SMC responses. Our results seem to advocate dynamic silvicultural practices in oak forests to promote soil microbial activity. However, it remains to be seen what the long-term effects will be of the reduced abundance and functional diversity of SMCs observed jointly in low-SD.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marine Fernandez , Gaelle Vincent , Erica Dorr , Souleyman Bakker , Thomas Z. Lerch , Julie Leloup , Nathalie Korboulewsky , Stephane Bazot
Publication : APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
Date : 2024
Volume : 195