Résumé
Organic wastes (OW) are rich in nutrients, and their recycling into agriculture can substitute chemical fertilizers. The level of substitution (partial with mineral fertilizer or exclusive with only OW), along with the method, amount, and timing of OW application, as well as the crop type, can impact crop productivity. The temporal dynamics of crop productivity after repeated applications of OW remain uncertain. Thus, two French long-term field experiments (QualiAgro and PROspective, started in 1998 and 2000, respectively) were used to evaluate the effect of repeated OW applications on crop yield dynamics and investigate the potential driving factors affecting crop yields. Six different OW were applied: urban sewage sludge (SLU), green waste and SLU compost (GWS), biowaste compost (BIO), municipal solid waste compost (MSW), farmyard manure (FYM), and composted FYM (FYMC). The OW were applied every 2 years in QualiAgro (~4 t C ha−1) and PROspective (~1.7 t C ha−1). QualiAgro was studied under high and low mineral N conditions, while PROspective was examined with and without mineral N fertilization. The results indicated that at the QualiAgro site, a combination of OW and high mineral N treatments resulted in higher maize and wheat yields compared to the mineral N control, while the combination of OW and low mineral N reached the same maize and wheat yield as the mineral N control after 3 and 6 applications of OW, respectively. At the PROspective site, partially substituting mineral fertilizer with OW maintained maize yields but decreased wheat yields, while full substitution led to a decrease in both maize and wheat yields compared to the mineral N control. Results from the gradient boosting model (GBM) showed that soil total N rather than mineral N input was the primary driver of the relative maize yield, while mineral N fertilizer input was more critical for wheat during the second year. We conclude that the joined use of OW and mineral fertilizers is superior to using OW or mineral fertilizer alone for maintaining high yields and soil fertility. We further suggest that OW full substitution of mineral fertilizer may need to apply OW more frequently to meet the crop demands, and/or to use OW with higher N availability like digestates.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Haotian Chen , Florent Levavasseur , Sabine Houot
Publication : Soil Use and Management
Date : 2025
Volume : 40
Issue : 2
Pages : e13079
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO ColmarRésumé
Wintertime deepwater renewal, which is important for heat–oxygen–nutrient exchange in lakes, is traditionally considered to be mainly driven by 1D vertical convective cooling. However, differential cooling between shallow and deep waters can produce density currents that flow into deep layers. In order to determine the role that these two cooling processes play in deepwater renewal, field measurements and 3D numerical modeling were combined to investigate heat content dynamics in Lake Geneva's large basin, the Grand Lac (maximum depth 309 m), during an exceptionally cold air spell in early 2012 where complete overturning had been reported. In a novel approach, the heat budget of the lake was decomposed, which allowed the identification and quantification of the heat budget components. The heat budget decomposition revealed that vertical convective cooling only penetrated to 200 m and that lateral advection was not only caused by density currents being discharged from the shallow littoral zone of the Grand Lac, but also from the Lake's shallow Petit Lac basin (maximum depth 75 m); the latter was found to be the main driver of heat content decrease in the deep layers of the Grand Lac below ∼200‐m depth. These findings provide unique insight into heat exchange processes that cannot be obtained from field data or numerical simulations alone. Heat budget decomposition proved to be a powerful, universally applicable tool for quantifying the contribution of alternative deepwater renewal processes. This is important, since deepwater renewal by convective cooling is weakening due to persistent global warming.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs N. Peng , U. Lemmin , F. Mettra , R. S. Reiss , D. A. Barry
Publication : Water Resources Research
Date : 2025
Volume : 60
Issue : 4
Pages : e2023WR034936
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLARésumé
Animal manure is considered a valuable organic fertilizer due to its important nutrient content enhancing soil fertility and plant growth in agriculture. Besides its beneficial role as fertilizer, animal manure represents a significant source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), playing a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Understanding the composition of VOCs Understanding VOCs from animal manure is crucial for assessing their environmental impact, as they can cause air pollution, odors, and harm to human health and ecosystems. Laboratory studies enhance field measurements by providing a precise inventory of manure emissions, addressing gaps in existing literature. Both approaches complement each other in advancing our understanding of manure emissions. In this context, we conducted an experimental study involving various animal manures (cow, horse, sheep, and goat) taken from a farm in Grignon (near Paris, France). We employed atmospheric simulation chambers within a controlled laboratory environment. The analysis of VOCs involved the combination of Proton Transfer Reaction-Quadrupole ion guide-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-QiTOF-MS) and Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Using PTR-QiTOF-MS, 368 compounds were detected and quantified within the manure samples. The complementary analysis by TD-GC-MS enhanced our identification of VOCs. Our findings revealed various chemical groups of VOCs, including oxygenated compounds (e.g., ethanol, cresol, acetaldehyde, etc.), nitrogenated compounds (ammonia, trimethylamine, etc.), sulfur compounds (methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, etc.), aromatic compounds (phenols and indoles), terpenes (isoprene, D-limonene, etc.) and halogenated compounds. Cow manure exhibited the highest VOC emission fluxes, followed by goat, sheep, and horse manures. Notably, oxygenated VOCs were dominant contributors to total VOC emission fluxes in all samples. Statistical analysis highlighted the distinct nature of cow manure emissions, characterized by oxygenated compounds and nitrogenated compounds. In addition, goat manure was isolated from the other samples with high emissions of compounds having both oxygen and nitrogen atoms in their molecular formulas (e.g., CH3NO2). The experimental dataset obtained in this study provides an inventory reference for both VOCs and their emission fluxes in animal manures. Furthermore, it highlights odorant compounds and VOCs that serve as atmospheric aerosol precursor. Future studies can explore the effectiveness of various manure treatment methods to promote sustainable agriculture practices.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs K.M. Haider , C. Focsa , C. Decuq , B. Esnault , F. Lafouge , B. Loubet , D. Petitprez , R. Ciuraru
Publication : Journal of Environmental Management
Date : 2025
Volume : 364
Pages : 121453
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PT-RMSRésumé
In European forests, most tree species form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The EM fungi are classified into different morphological types based on the development and structure of their extraradical mycelium. These structures could be root extensions that help trees to acquire nutrients. However, the relationship between these morphological traits and functions involved in soil nutrient foraging is still under debate.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Khalfallah F. , Bon L. , El Mazlouzi M. , Bakker M.R. , Fanin N. , Bellanger R. , Bernier F. , De Schrijver A. , Ducatillon C. , Fotelli M.N. , Gateble G. , Gundale M.J. , Larsson M. , Legout A. , Mason W.L. , Nordin A. , Smolander A. , Spyroglou G. , Vanguelova E.I. , Verheyen K.
Publication : Mycorrhiza
Date : 2025
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
Pages : 203-216
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Breuil #FORET Xylosylve #INRAERésumé
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on the aquatic environment. We used three wild fish species to compare phenotypic responses with a fish model such as Danio rerio. We focused on embryonic development, a sensitive life stage to stressors like ionizing radiation, to evaluate the effects of exposure to 0.5 and 5 mGy h 1 on Arctic char, trout and stickleback embryos from fertilization to free-swimming larvae. Irradiation did not cause mortality but induced an acceleration of hatching in the three species. These new data on wild species, obtained under comparable irradiation conditions, did not go against the threshold values for the protection of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, irradiation caused inter-specific sublethal effects, such as an increase in non-eyed egg proportion in Arctic char, an increase in the incubation period in trout and an acceleration of larval mortality in stickleback. The consequences of these early effects on the adult stage remain to be studied.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs O. Simon , N. Guirandy , L. Dasque , N. Dubourg , V. Camilleri , I. Cavalié , C. Turiès , A. Bado-Nilles , L. Espinat , E. Réalis , B. Gagnaire
Publication : Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Date : 2025
Volume : 277
Pages : 107459
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #OLAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Romain Vrba , Isabelle Lavoie , Nicolas Creusot , Mélissa Eon , Débora Millan-Navarro , Agnès Feurtet-Mazel , Nicolas Mazzella , Aurélie Moreira , Dolors Planas , Soizic Morin
Publication : Aquatic Toxicology
Date : 2025
Volume : 272
Pages : 106972
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #XPORésumé
Understanding the migratory cycle of the European eel is crucial for implementing effective conservation measures. The reasons why some glass eels settle in lower estuaries rather than migrating upriver remain unclear. This study aims to identify metabolomic signatures that distinguish active (migrant) from inactive (nonmigrant) glass eels. Using a combination of target and non-target screening (NTS) approaches, the metabolite profile of glass eels was studied, and a PLS-DA classification model was applied to find differences between behavioural phenotypes. This model highlighted methionine, glutaryl-L-carnitine, and palmitoylcarnitine as key metabolites, with methionine being significantly different between groups. Glutaryl-L-carnitine strongly correlated with activity, suggesting it might be a more sensitive indicator of glass eel activity than previously studied parameters such as weight loss and oxygen consumption. The findings suggest that differences between active and inactive eels result from both swimming activity and intrinsic metabolic differences, with methionine linked to both factors. We also explored potential differences in how diazepam affects active and inactive glass eels. However, our metabolomic approach lacked the sensitivity to detect significant variations. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the metabolomic distinctions between active and inactive glass eels, establishing a foundation for future research in this field.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Iker Alvarez-Mora , Valérie Bolliet , Naroa Lopez-Herguedas , Colin Bouchard , Mathilde Monperrus , Nestor Etxebarria
Publication : Marine Environmental Research
Date : 2025
Volume : 202
Pages : 106801
Catégorie(s)
#ECP #INRAERésumé
Methods In greenhouse, we assessed the effects of different mulching on lettuce yields, soil properties (temperature, moisture, enzymatic activities) and the soil microbiota. We cropped lettuces either on bare soil (control), a homogeneous non-biodegradable mulch (plastic film), a biodegradable heterogeneous mulch (hemp straw) and a biodegradable and homogenous mulch (hemp canvas).
Results Plastic film increased soil temperature, decreased most enzymatic activities, and altered the soil microbiota composition. The hemp canvas decreased fungal diversity, while increasing soil moisture, laccase activity, and the abundance of specific Ascomycota, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria taxa. Plastic and hemp canvas gave similar lettuce yields.
Conclusions Mulching with plastic films and hemp canvases changed soil functioning (C cycle enzymatic activities) and the soil microbiota. Although similar lettuce yields were obtained, effects of the plastic film were likely mediated by the increased soil temperature and accelerated organic matter degradation, while effects of the hemp canvas resulted from increased soil moisture and recalcitrant matter degradation, combined with the stimulation of potentially beneficial soil microorganisms.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Samuel Jacquiod , Elodie Bouchard , Jérémie Beguet , Frédéric Roure , Nathalie Cheviron , Christian Mougin , Arnaud Coffin , Manuel Blouin , Fabrice Martin-Laurent
Publication : Plant and Soil
Date : 2025
Volume : 503
Issue : 1-2
Pages : 65-83
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #INRAERésumé
Abstract
Managing forests to sustain their diversity and functioning is a major challenge in a changing world. Despite the key role of understory vegetation in driving forest biodiversity, regeneration and functioning, few studies address the functional dimensions of understory vegetation response to silvicultural management.
We assessed the influence of the silvicultural regimes on the functional diversity and redundancy of European forest understory. We gathered vascular plant abundance data from more than 2000 plots in European forests, each associated with one out of the five most widespread silvicultural regimes. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the effect of different silvicultural regimes on understory functional diversity (Rao's quadratic entropy) and functional redundancy, while accounting for climate and soil conditions, and explored the reciprocal relationship between three diversity components (functional diversity, redundancy and dominance) across silvicultural regimes through a ternary diversity diagram.
Intensive silvicultural regimes are associated with a decrease in functional diversity and an increase in functional redundancy, compared with unmanaged conditions. This means that although intensive management may buffer communities' functions against species or functional losses, it also limits the range of understory response to environmental changes.
Policy implications
. Different silvicultural regimes influence different facets of understory functional features. While unmanaged forests can be used as a reference to design silvicultural practices in compliance with biodiversity conservation targets, different silvicultural options should be balanced at landscape scale to sustain the multiple forest functions that human societies are increasingly demanding.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Francesco Chianucci , Francesca Napoleone , Carlo Ricotta , Carlotta Ferrara , Lina Fusaro , Lorenzo Balducci , Giovanni Trentanovi , Owen Bradley , Bence Kovacs , Marco Mina , Bruno E. L. Cerabolini , Kris Vandekerkhove , Pallieter De Smedt , Luc Lens , Lionel Hertzog , Kris Verheyen , Jeňýk Hofmeister , Jan Hošek , Radim Matula , Inken Doerfler
Publication : Journal of Applied Ecology
Date : 2025
Volume : 61
Issue : 10
Pages : 2350-2364
Catégorie(s)
#FORET OPTMix #INRAERésumé
The fundamental trade-off between current and future reproduction has long been considered to result in a tendency for species that can grow large to begin reproduction at a larger size. Due to the prolonged time required to reach maturity, estimates of tree maturation size remain very rare and we lack a global view on the generality and the shape of this trade-off. Using seed production from five continents, we estimate tree maturation sizes for 486 tree species spanning tropical to boreal climates. Results show that a species' maturation size increases with maximum size, but in a non-proportional way: the largest species begin reproduction at smaller sizes than would be expected if maturation were simply proportional to maximum size. Furthermore, the decrease in relative maturation size is steepest in cold climates. These findings on maturation size drivers are key to accurately represent forests' responses to disturbance and climate change.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Valentin Journé , Michał Bogdziewicz , Benoit Courbaud , Georges Kunstler , Tong Qiu , Marie‐Claire Aravena Acuña , Davide Ascoli , Yves Bergeron , Daniel Berveiller , Thomas Boivin , Raul Bonal , Thomas Caignard , Maxime Cailleret , Rafael Calama , J. Julio Camarero , Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang , Jerome Chave , Francesco Chianucci , Thomas Curt , Andrea Cutini
Publication : Ecology Letters
Date : 2025
Volume : 27
Issue : 9
Pages : e14500