Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Lydia Paetsch , Carsten W. Mueller , Cornelia Rumpel , Sabine Houot , Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
Publication : Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 223
Pages : 211-222
Catégorie(s)
#INRAE #PRO #PRO QualiAgroRésumé
Earthworms play a key role in agroecosystem soil processes. This study aims to assess the effects of different doses of a commercial formulation of epoxiconazole (OpusA (R)), a persistent and widely used fungicide, on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica. A laboratory study was conducted in a natural soil in order to measure effects of OpusA (R) on earthworm mortality, uptake, weight gain, enzymatic activities (catalase and glutathione-S-transferase), and energy resources (lipids and glycogens). The estimated LC50 was 45.5 mg kg(-1), or 268 times the recommended dose. Weight gains were 28, 19, and 13 % of the initial weight after 28 days of exposure in the control and D1 and D10 (1 and 10 times the recommended dose) treatments, respectively. No difference was observed for catalase activity between the three treatments, at 7, 14, or 28 days. The glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity was two times as high in D1 as in D0 at 14 days. At 28 days, glycogen concentration was lower in D10 than in the D1 treatment. This study highlighted moderate sublethal effects of the commercial formulation OpusA (R) for earthworms. Considering that these effects were observed on a species found in cultivated fields, even at recommended rates, much more attention should be paid to this pesticide.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs C. Pelosi , M. Lebrun , L. Beaumelle , N. Cheviron , G. Delarue , S. Nelieu
Publication : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Date : 2016
Volume : 23
Issue : 4
Pages : 3053-3061
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #BiochemEnv #INRAERésumé
In soil, the determination of total concentration using an exhaustive extraction method has little relevance to evaluate the exposure of an organism to a chemical, because of sorption processes. This study aims to propose a mild extraction method to evaluate the bioavailability of the fungicide epoxiconazole to the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica. Experiments were conducted in soils presenting various textures and organic carbon contents, spiked with formulated epoxiconazole 7 to 56 days prior to their extraction. In parallel, the epoxiconazole concentration was determined in exposed earthworms and the fungicide's effects were evaluated by measuring weight gain, enzymatic activities and total protein contents. Among the various mild chemical solvents tested to evaluate the environmental availability of the fungicide, the 50 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution allowed to extract around 30 % of epoxiconazole. This percentage corresponded to the ratio determined in exposed A. icterica under similar soil conditions. Furthermore, this mild method was demonstrated to be sensitive to soil sorption capacities and to ageing. The mild extraction method was then applied to explore the relationship between total and (bio)available concentrations in soil and in A. icterica, over 7- or 28-day exposure time. This demonstrated the proportionality between epoxiconazole concentration in earthworm and available in soil (up to 96 %, with regression coefficient R (2) = 0.98). Sublethal effects on earthworm remained not significant.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs S. Nelieu , G. Delarue , E. Ollivier , P. Awad , F. Fraillon , C. Pelosi
Publication : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Date : 2016
Volume : 23
Issue : 4
Pages : 2977-2986
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #BiochemEnv #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs B.S. Griffiths , J. Römbke , R.M. Schmelz , A. Scheffczyk , J.H. Faber , J. Bloem , G. Pérès , D. Cluzeau , A. Chabbi , M. Suhadolc , J.P. Sousa , P. Martins da Silva , F. Carvalho , S. Mendes , P. Morais , R. Francisco , C. Pereira , M. Bonkowski , S. Geisen , R.D. Bardgett
Publication : Ecological Indicators
Date : 2025
Volume : 69
Pages : 213-223
Catégorie(s)
#ACBB #ACBB Lusignan #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs N. Goutal-Pousse , F. Lamy , J. Ranger , P. Boivin
Publication : European Journal of Soil Science
Date : 2016
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
Pages : 160-172
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAERésumé
Forest ecosystems are often found on add soils where calcium availability depends on two main inputs (atmospheric deposition and the weathering of soil minerals) and on the biological cyding of nutrients. In the context of global change (decreasing atmospheric inputs, increasing biomass exportation, climate change), it is important to determine calcium sources to the ecosystem and tree nutrition to better understand how forest ecosystems will respond to these changes over time. The aim of this study was to study and compare Ca pools and cycling in two mature forest ecosystems (Clermont en Argonne and Azerailles) developed on two contrasting polycyclic soils (Lorraine plateau, eastern France) and identify the Ca sources contributing to ecosystem functioning. At both sites, soil Ca pools were measured; atmospheric deposition of Ca was monitored from bulk precipitation and throughfall chemistry; Ca biological cycling was assessed by measuring litterfall and by a litter decomposition experiment; strontium (Sr-87/Sr-86) isotope data in the soil profile (fine roots, exchangeable pool, bulk soil) was used to estimate the distribution of Sr and Ca uptake in the soil profile and the relative contribution of mineral weathering in the soil layers to total ecosystems inputs. Despite important differences in Ca availability in the topsoil between both sites, tree growth and nutrition indicators showed no significant difference. This discrepancy is not explained by the biological cycling of Ca but may be partly explained by higher Ca deposition at the Ca-poorer site. Strontium isotope data enabled to show important differences of Ca sources for tree uptake. At the Ca-poorer site, deep soil layers (>105 cm) potentially represent from 32% to 100% of total Sr uptake. At the Ca-richer site, results suggest that uptake is more evenly distributed in the soil profile. Sr isotope data coupled with a modeling approach suggest that two different mineral sources exist in the soil profile: a radiogenic Sr source in the topsoil (Sr-87/Sr-86 > 0.717) and a less radiogenic source in depth (Sr-87/Sr-86 < 0.717). The deep mineral source may represent from 40% to 86% of total Sr inputs at the poorer site and from 25% to 86% at the richer site. The origin of this deep strontium source is unclear but soil mineralogy suggests an allochthonous origin. We hypothesize that this deep source originates from capillary rise of the groundwater aquifer. This nutrient input to forest ecosystems is not commonly taken into account but may strongly participate in maintaining the chemical fertility of soils over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Lea Bedel , Anne Poszwa , Gregory van der Heijden , Arnaud Legout , Luc Aquilina , Jacques Ranger
Publication : Geoderma
Date : 2016
Volume : 264
Pages : 103-116
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Azerailles-Clermont #INRAERésumé
The impacts of plant species on the microbial communities and physico-chemical characteristics of soil are well documented for many herbs, grasses and legumes but much less so for tree species. Here, we investigate by rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing the diversity of microorganisms from the three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota: Fungi) in soil samples taken from the forest experimental site of Breuil-Chenue (France). We discovered significant differences in the abundance, composition and structure of the microbial communities associated with two phylogenetically distant tree species of the same age, deciduous European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst), planted in the same soil. Our results suggest a significant effect of tree species on soil microbiota though in different ways for each of the three microbial groups. Fungal and archaeal community structures and compositions are mainly determined according to tree species, whereas bacterial communities differ to a great degree between rhizosphere and bulk soils, regardless of the tree species. These results were confirmed by quantitative PCR, which revealed significant enrichment of specific bacterial genera, such as Burkholderia and Collimonas, known for their ability to weather minerals within the tree root vicinity.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs S. Uroz , P. Oger , E. Tisserand , A. Cebron , M.-P. Turpault , M. Buee , W. De Boer , J. H. J. Leveau , P. Frey-Klett
Publication : Scientific Reports
Date : 2016
Volume : 6
Pages : 27756
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Breuil #INRAEAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Mikaël Bili , Anne Marie Cortesero , Christophe Mougel , Jean Pierre Gauthier , Gwennola Ermel , Jean Christophe Simon , Yannick Outreman , Sébastien Terrat , Frédérique Mahéo , Denis Poinsot , Kostas Bourtzis
Publication : Plos One
Date : 2016
Volume : 11
Issue : 6
Pages : e0155392
Catégorie(s)
#Genosol #INRAERésumé
Forest plantation is a widely used silvicultural practice throughout Europe most particularly to renew planted forest stands. The long term impact of forest plantations on soil fertility is a major concern for forest managers and policy makers, in particular in the context of global change because forests endure increased climatic and/or silvicultural and/or nutritional pressure. In the present study we investigated the tree species effects on soil solution chemistry and major elements fluxes, to better understand the impact of tree species on soil processes and fertility. The chemical composition of throughfall and soil solutions were compared between six 35-year-old monospecific stands (Norway spruce, Corsican pine, sessile oak, European beech, Douglas fir and Nordmann fir) and the reference plot (beech and oak coppice with standards) of the common garden experiment at the Breuil-Chenue Experimental site (Burgundy, France). Tree species had a strong effect on the chemistry of throughfall and soil solution, in particular on the relative contribution of nitrate, sulfate and dissolved organic carbon to the anionic charge. Mean concentrations of major elements varied widely between stands. Nitrate concentrations were highest for the Douglas fir and Corsican pine probably due to the tree species effect on nitrification processes. In both stands, the nitrate leaching causes large acidification with high drainage losses of magnesium, calcium and monomeric aluminum. For Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech and reference plot, sulfate and dissolved organic carbon were the main anionic drivers for solution chemistry and nutrient fluxes. Soil acidification processes were less intense in these stands and aluminum was mainly transported in the soil profile by Al-cheluviation by dissolved organic compounds. The results of this study suggest that tree species strongly influence the chemistry of throughfall and soil solutions and may strongly influence on the short-term (35 years) soil pedogenic processes from weak acidification and crypto-podzolisation to strong soil acidification. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Arnaud Legout , van der Heijden Gregory , Jaffrain Jerome , Boudot Jean-Pierre , Ranger Jacques
Publication : Forest Ecology and Management
Date : 2016
Volume : 378
Pages : 244-258
Catégorie(s)
#FORET Breuil #INRAERésumé
Over the last decades, the U-and Th-series nuclides were successfully used to determine weathering rates in various environments. The objective of this study is to assess the potential impact of the vegetation change on the U- and Th-series signal recorded in forested soils. This study was carried out from the experimental forest site of Breuil-Chenue (Morvan, France) developed by the INRA-BEF team. The native forest of the site was partially clear-felled in 1976 and replaced by monospecific plantations stands (Oak and Douglas fir). U- and Th-series disequilibria were measured in 2011 in the podzolic soils developed under the native forest, and in the two replanted stands. Separation of primaryminerals (biotite, muscovite and perthitic feldspar) and selective extractions of the Fe and Al oxides were performed to investigate the distribution of U and Th among these soil fractions. The selective extractions suggest that a significant part of U and Th is primarily held by Fe-bearing silicates. Our results suggest that the tree substitution seems to produce a large dissolution of these minerals under the Oaks, resulting to a release of U and Th. However, below 25 cm no impact of this release was observed on U-series disequilibria. A scenario allowing to reconcile the significant mobilization of U and the constancy of U-series disequilibria is proposed. Above 25 cm, additional pedogenic redistribution of U and Th isotopes occurs in all the profiles, inducing some discrepancies between U-series disequilibria. A clear correlation between the (Th-230/U-234) ratios and the proportions of amorphous and interlayer Al hydroxides has been highlighted. This correlation suggests a mobility of U and Th isotopes strongly associated to Al dynamics in these soils rather than Fe, despite the primary location of U in the Fe-bearing silicates and the overwhelming reported control of U-VI by Fe-oxides in oxidized environments. These pedogenic processes make the shallowest horizons of podzolic soils unsuitable for U-series dating. In contrast, a soil production rate can be deduced from the deepest soil layers which do not show such effects on the U-series nuclides. The reproducible U-series disequilibria measured in four whole-profile replicates emphasize the robustness and the significance of the "long-lived" U-series disequilibria in deep soil layers relative to long-term weathering rates, independent of transient perturbations such as land cover changes. Finally, because Ra can strongly accumulates in plants, the (Ra-226/Th-230) ratios in the different soils were affected by the flux of Ra-226 released by litter degradation. The use of this ratio as a long-term chronometer should therefore be performed with caution in such contexts. No direct impact of the vegetation type on the (Ra-228/Th-232) ratios was identified, due to the short Ra-228 half-life. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sophie Rihs , Adrien Gontier , Eric Pelt , David Fries , Marie-Pierre Turpault , Francois Chabaux
Publication : Chemical Geology
Date : 2016
Volume : 441
Pages : 106-123