FORET Breuil | AnaEE France

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Soil fungi play a fundamental role in the cycling of nutrients and tree nutrition in forests. As mycorrhizal fungi are closely associated with their host trees and provide them essential base cations and phosphorus, we hypothesize that they actively mine soil minerals and transfer their nutritive content to their host. Therefore, mycorrhizal fungi are expected to be important colonizers of soil mineral surfaces relative to other fungal trophic guilds. To test this hypothesis, 50 μm nylon mesh bags were filled with three different mineral types (i.e. calcite, apatite and obsidian) and buried in the same soil colonized by three forest stands (i.e. beech, Corsican pine and coppice with standards). After an in situ incubation period of 29 months in the topsoil, mineral dissolution was detectable in the mesh bags, and the analysis of the fungal communities was therefore undertaken. Minerals presented a lower fungal biomass than the surrounding bulk soil and no difference between the three mineral types tested was observed. The high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach showed that the fungal communities differed among the three forest stands, but in each case, mineral associated fungal taxa differed significantly from those in the bulk soil. To a lesser extent, fungal communities further varied between the three mineral types. Overall, trophic inference analyses suggested that two groups of plant-associated fungi, namely the ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi, were the major fungal mineral colonizers. Saprophytes also appeared significantly enriched on minerals comparatively to the surrounding bulk soil. Together, our data reveal at local scale that the mineral-associated fungal communities are first determined by the forest plant cover and then by the type of mineral.

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Auteurs Y. Colin , M. -P. Turpault , L. Fauchery , M. Buée , S. Uroz

Publication : European Journal of Soil Biology

Date : 2021

Volume : 105

Pages : 103334

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#FORET Breuil #INRAE

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In terrestrial ecosystems, plant-available pools of magnesium and calcium are assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the surface of mineral and/ or organic particles. The pools of exchangeable magnesium and calcium are measured by ion-exchange soil extractions. These pools are sustained in the long term by the weathering of primary minerals in the soil and atmospheric inputs. This conceptual model is the base of input-output budgets from which soil acidification and the sustainability of soil chemical fertility is inferred. However, this model has been questioned by data from long-term forest ecosystem monitoring sites, particularly for calcium. Quantifying the contribution of atmospheric inputs, ion exchange and weathering of both primary, secondary and non-crystalline phases to tree nutrition in the short term is challenging. In this study, we developed and applied a novel isotopic dilution technique using the stable isotopes of magnesium and calcium to study the contribution of the different soil phases to soil solution chemistry in a very acidic soil. The labile pools of Mg and Ca in the soil (pools in equilibrium with the soil solution) were isotopically labeled by spraying a solution enriched in 26 Mg and 44 Ca on the soil. Labeled soil columns were then percolated with a dilute acid solution during a 3-month period and the isotopic dilution of the tracers was monitored in the leaching solution, in the exchangeable (2 sequential 1 mol L-1 ammonium acetate extractions) and non-crystalline (2 sequential soil digestions: oxalic acid followed by nitric acid) phases. Significant amounts of Mg and Ca isotope tracer were recovered in the non-crystalline soil phases. These phases represented from 5% to 25% and from 24% to 50%, respectively, of the Mg and Ca labile pools during the experiment. Our results show that non-crystalline phases act as both a source and a sink of calcium and magnesium in the soil, and contribute directly to soil solution chemistry on very short-term time scales. These phases are very abundant in acid soils and, in the present study, represent a substantial calcium pool (equivalent in size to the Ca exchangeable pool). The gradual isotopic dilution of Mg and Ca isotope ratios in the leaching solution during the experiment evidenced an input flux of Mg and Ca originating from a pool other than the labile pool. While the Mg input flux originated primarily from the weathering of primary minerals and secondarily from the non-crystalline phases, the Ca input flux originated primarily from the non-crystalline phases. Our results also show that the net calcium release flux from these phases may represent a significant source of calcium in forest ecosystems and actively contribute to compensating the depletion of Ca exchangeable pools in the soil. Non-crystalline phases therefore should be taken into account when computing input-output nutrient budgets and soil acid neutralizing capacity. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Auteurs Gregory van der Heijden , Arnaud Legout , Louis Mareschal , Jacques Ranger , Etienne Dambrine

Publication : Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta

Date : 2017

Volume : 209

Pages : 135-148

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Organochlorine molecules (Cl-org) are surprisingly abundant in soils and frequently exceed chloride (Cl-) levels. Despite the widespread abundance of Cl-org and the common ability of microorganisms to produce Cl-org, we lack fundamental knowledge about how overall chlorine cycling is regulated in forested ecosystems. Here we present data from a long-term reforestation experiment where native forest was cleared and replaced with five different tree species. Our results show that the abundance and residence times of Cl- and Cl-org after 30 years were highly dependent on which tree species were planted on the nearby plots. Average Cl- and Cl-org content in soil humus were higher, at experimental plots with coniferous trees than in those with deciduous trees. Plots with Norway spruce had the highest net accumulation of Cl- and Cl-org over the experiment period, and showed a 10 and 4 times higher Cl- and Cl-org storage (kg ha(-1)) in the biomass, respectively, and 7 and 9 times higher storage of Cl- and Cl-org in the soil humus layer, compared to plots with oak. The results can explain why local soil chlorine levels are frequently independent of atmospheric deposition, and provide opportunities for improved modeling of chlorine distribution and cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Auteurs Malin Montelius , Yves Thiry , Laura Marang , Jacques Ranger , Jean-Thomas Cornelis , Teresia Svensson , David Bastviken

Publication : Environmental Science & Technology

Date : 2015

Volume : 49

Issue : 8

Pages : 4921-4928

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In acidic soils, the fixation of Al in the interlayer spaces of 2:1 clay minerals and the subsequent formation of hydroxyl interlayer minerals (HIMs) are known to reduce soil fertility. The resulting crystal structure of HIMs consist of complex mixed-layer minerals (MLMs) with contrasting relative proportions of expandable, hydroxy-interlayers (HI) and illite layers. The present study aims to experimentally assess the influence of particle size on the formation of such complex HIMs for vermiculite saturated with potassium (K). Based on chemical and structural data, this study reports the dissolution and Al-interlayer occupancy of three size fractions (0.1-0.2, 1-2 and 10-20 mu m) of K-vermiculite, which were obtained at pH = 3 by using stirred flow-through reactors. The Al-interlayer occupancies were ordered 0.1-0.2 mu m < 10-20 mu m < 1-2 mu m even though the dissolution rate (in mol(vermiculite) g(-1) s(-1)) increases with decreasing particle size. For fine particles (0.1-0.2 mu m), a rapid but low Al-interlayer occupancy during the transitory state and a null rate in the steady-state were evidenced and interpreted as indicating (i) a rapid but limited K+ interlayer exchange during the first step of the overall reactions and (ii) a stoichiometric dissolution of the crystal (TOT layer + interlayer) in the steady-state. By contrast, although the stoichiometric dissolution of the TOT layer is reached in the steady-state for the coarsest fractions (10-20 and 1-2 lm), the Al-interlayer occupancies continue to evolve due to the exchange of interlayer K+, which continues to progress for a longer duration. The mechanism of auto-aluminization is interpreted in the present study as multiple processes that involve (i) the dissolution of the mineral under acidic conditions, (ii) the interlayer diffusion of initial interlayer cations and their exchange with those from the aqueous phase and (iii) the fixation of interlayer aluminum. Competition between the kinetics of ion-exchange reactions and that of mineral dissolution is responsible for the above Al-interlayer occupancy order among the particle sizes (i.e., 0.1-0.2 mu m < 10-20 mu m < 1-2 mu m). Moreover, this mechanism may be the cause of complex mineralogical structures such as mixed-layer minerals, which are commonly found in the clay-size fraction of acidic soils. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Auteurs Jean-Christophe Viennet , Fabien Hubert , Emmanuel Tertre , Eric Ferrage , Valentin Robin , Liva Dzene , Carine Cochet , Marie-Pierre Turpault

Publication : Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta

Date : 2016

Volume : 180

Pages : 164-176

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#FORET Breuil #INRAE

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This study generated new insight into the effect of bedrock grain sizes on pedogenesis under identical topographic and climatic environment. The physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of two adjacent Typic Dystrochrepts (USDA, 1999) respectively developed from fine and coarse textured granites were compared. This research study was performed in the Morvan Mountains (France). Analysis of the two underlying bedrocks revealed similar chemical and mineralogical properties, with the crystal grain size being the only parameter which differed. In these soils, bedrock played the key role in the particle size fraction distribution, the main factor controlling water retention in the soils. Weathering reactions of clay minerals were more marked in the fine textured granite soil. In this soil, both clay mineral swelling and mica transformation into expansible phyllosilicates were greater compared to the coarse textured granite soil. In the clay fraction of the fine textured granite soil, there were smaller amounts of low crystallised Fe and Al minerals, with higher carbon content in the topsoil, as compared to the coarse granite soil. The exchangeable cation analysis of the fine textured granite soil revealed a higher proportion of base saturation and a smaller proportion of Al-tit than in coarse textured granite soil which could be explained by preferential leaching of Al cations. The decrease in exchangeable Al, the higher swelling of the smectitic layer and the smaller proportion of Fe and Al-oxy-hydroxides could be explained by the complexing acid conditions, which increased mineral weathering and Al leaching. The higher water retention increased the time of contact between minerals and the soil solution, and the higher carbon content in the topsoil could have enhanced the complexing acid conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Auteurs Émeline Lequy , Sébastien Conil , Marie-Pierre Turpault

Publication : Aeolian Research

Date : 2025

Pages : 9

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#FORET Breuil #FORET Montiers #INRAE

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