Résumé

Although animal dispersal is known to play key roles in ecological and evolutionary processes such as colonization, population extinction and local adaptation, little is known about its genetic basis, particularly in vertebrates. Untapping the genetic basis of dispersal should deepen our understanding of how dispersal behaviour evolves, the molecular mechanisms that regulate it and link it to other phenotypic aspects in order to form the so-called dispersal syndromes. Here, we comprehensively combined quantitative genetics, genome-wide sequencing and transcriptome sequencing to investigate the genetic basis of natal dispersal in a known ecological and evolutionary model of vertebrate dispersal: the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara. Our study supports the heritability of dispersal in semi-natural populations, with less variation attributable to maternal and natal environment effects. In addition, we found an association between natal dispersal and both variation in the carbonic anhydrase (CA10) gene, and in the expression of several genes (TGFB2, SLC6A4, NOS1) involved in central nervous system functioning. These findings suggest that neurotransmitters (serotonin and nitric oxide) are involved in the regulation of dispersal and shaping dispersal syndromes. Several genes from the circadian clock (CRY2, KCTD21) were also differentially expressed between disperser and resident lizards, supporting that the circadian rhythm, known to be involved in long-distance migration in other taxa, might affect dispersal as well. Since neuronal and circadian pathways are relatively well conserved across vertebrates, our results are likely to be generalisable, and we therefore encourage future studies to further investigate the role of these pathways in shaping dispersal in vertebrates.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Luis M. San-Jose , Elvire Bestion , Félix Pellerin , Murielle Richard , Lucie Di Gesu , Jordi Salmona , Laurane Winandy , Delphine Legrand , Camille Bonneaud , Olivier Guillaume , Olivier Calvez , Kathryn R. Elmer , Andrey A. Yurchenko , Hans Recknagel , Jean Clobert , Julien Cote

Publication : Molecular Ecology

Date : 2025

Volume : 32

Issue : 12

Pages : 3060-3075

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #Metatron terrestre

Résumé

Despite several studies on the Ajuga L. genus, the chemical composition of Ajuga pyramidalis, an alpine endemic species, is still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to therefore deeper describe it, particularly from the phytochemistry and bioactivity perspectives. In that respect, A. pyramidalis was investigated and 95% of the extracted mass of the plant was characterized by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Apart from the already determined chemical compounds, namely, harpagide and 8-O-acetylharpagide, two iridoids, and neoajugapyrin A, a neo-clerodane diterpene, and three polyphenols (echinacoside, verbascoside and teupoloside) were identified for the first time in A. pyramidalis. Incidentally, the first RX structure of a harpagoside derivative is also described in this paper. The extracts and isolated compounds were then evaluated for various biochemical or biological activities; notably a targeted action on the renewal of the epidermis was highlighted with potential applications in the cosmetic field for anti-aging.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Anthonin Gori , Benjamin Boucherle , Aurélien Rey , Maxime Rome , Caroline Barette , Emmanuelle Soleilhac , Christian Philouze , Marie-Odile Fauvarque , Nicola Fuzzati , Marine Peuchmaur

Publication : Metabolites

Date : 2023

Volume : 13

Issue : 1

Pages : 128

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #Lautaret #UGA

Résumé

The species-richness of the flora in the European Alps results from complex interactions between geographical, climatic and environmental factors. In this study, we focus on a complex of closely related Alpine plants: Primula hirsuta, P. pedemontana and their relatives. Using a large DNA dataset of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms sequenced across 149 individuals spanning all the western Alps, we refine phylogenetic relationships in this clade and explore the evolutionary origins of a mysterious lineage found in one valley of the Écrins range (France): the Valgaudemar. In particular, we demonstrate that this lineage did not originate from a simple allopatric divergence, but from an isolated lineage related to Primula pedemontana, which later got introgressed by P. hirsuta. This leads us to develop a phylogeographic scenario explaining the origins of the Valgaudemar lineage, and shed light on a potential glacial refugium in the south of the Écrins range. We believe this study takes part in the deep understanding of the origins of endemism in the European Alps and more generally of the maintaining of species diversity.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Camille Voisin , Cédric Dentant , Delphine Rioux , Florian C. Boucher

Publication : Alpine Botany

Date : 2023

Volume : 133

Issue : 1

Pages : 21-33

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #Lautaret #UGA

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Max Ringler , Eva Ringler , Daniela Magaña Mendoza , Walter Hödl

Publication : PloS one

Date : 2025

Volume : 6

Issue : 10

Pages : e25844

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #FORET Nouragues

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Jaimie T.A. Dick , Ciaran Laverty , Jack J. Lennon , Daniel Barrios-O'Neill , Paul J. Mensink , J. Robert Britton , Vincent Médoc , Pieter Boets , Mhairi E. Alexander , Nigel G. Taylor , Alison M. Dunn , Melanie J. Hatcher , Paula J. Rosewarne , Steven Crookes , Hugh J. MacIsaac , Meng Xu , Anthony Ricciardi , Ryan J. Wasserman , Bruce R. Ellender , Olaf L.F. Weyl

Publication : Journal of Applied Ecology

Date : 2025

Volume : 54

Issue : 4

Pages : 1259-1267

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUA

Résumé

Aim Two core assumptions of species distribution models (SDMs) do not hold when modelling invasive species. Invasives are not in equilibrium with their environment and niche quantification and transferability in space and time are limited. Here, we test whether combining global- and regional-scale data in a novel framework can overcome these limitations. Beyond simply improving regional niche modelling of non-native species, the framework also makes use of the violation of regional equilibrium assumptions, and aims at estimating the stage of invasion, range filling and risk of spread in the near future for 27 invasive species in the French Alps. Innovation For each invader we built three sets of SDMs using a committee averaging method: one global model and two regional models (a conventional model and one using the global model output to weight pseudo-absences). Model performances were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the true skill statistic, sensitivity and specificity scores. Then, we extracted the predictions for observed presences and compared them to global and regional models. This comparison made it possible to identify whether invasive species were observed within or outside of their regional and global niches. Main conclusions This study provides a novel methodological framework for improving the regional modelling of invasive species, where the use of a global model output to weight pseudo-absences in a regional model significantly improved the predictive performance of regional SDMs. Additionally, the comparison of the global and regional model outputs revealed distinct patterns of niche estimates and range filling among the species. These differences allowed us to draw conclusions about the stage of invasion and the risk of spread in the near future, which both correspond to experts' expectations. This framework can be easily applied to a large number of species and is therefore useful for control of biological invasions and eradication planning.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Laure Gallien , Rolland Douzet , Steve Pratte , Niklaus E. Zimmermann , Wilfried Thuiller

Publication : Global Ecology and Biogeography

Date : 2025

Volume : 21

Issue : 11

Pages : 1126-1136

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #Lautaret #UGA

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Natalia Norden , Jérôme Chave , Pierre Belbenoit , Adeline Caubère , Patrick Châtelet , Pierre‐Michel Forget , Bernard Riéra , Jérôme Viers , Christophe Thébaud

Publication : Journal of Ecology

Date : 2025

Volume : 97

Issue : 1

Pages : 186-197

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #FORET Nouragues

Résumé

Considering the plant microbiota, temporal changes are expected depending on plant development stages and environmental pressures because of modifications in plant requirements and available soil microbial reservoir.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Marine Biget , Cendrine Mony , Tingting Wang , Ning Ling , Adèle Miteul , Olivier Jambon , Romain Causse-Védrines , Sophie Michon-Coudouel , Maxime Hervé , Véronique Chable , Sabrina Pernet , Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse

Publication : Plant and Soil

Date : 2024

Volume : 494

Issue : 1

Pages : 217-233

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #EcoGenO #Université de Rennes

Résumé

In many grasslands, species with specific traits occupy unique temporal positions within communities. Such intra-annual segregation is predicted to be greatest in systems with high intra-annual climate variability because fluctuating environmental conditions provide opportunities for temporal niche partitioning among species. However, because most studies on intra-annual community dynamics have been conducted at individual sites, relationships between intra-annual climate variability and seasonal community dynamics at global scales have not yet been identified. Furthermore, the same characteristics that promote species-specific responses to fluctuations in environmental conditions may also drive species-specific responses to global change drivers such as eutrophication. Research provides evidence that eutrophication alters inter-annual plant community dynamics yet understanding of how it alters intra-annual dynamics remains limited.
We used early-season and late-season compositional data collected from 10 grassland sites around the world to ask how intra-annual variability in precipitation and temperature as well as nutrient enrichment shape intra-annual species segregation, or seasonal β-diversity, in plant communities. We also assessed whether changes in the abundances of specific functional groups including annual forbs, perennial forbs, C3 and C4 graminoids, and legumes underpin compositional differences between early- and late-season communities and treatments. We found that intra-annual temperature variability and seasonal β-diversity were positively related but observed no relationship between intra-annual precipitation variability and seasonal β-diversity. This suggests that positive relationships between α-diversity and intra-annual temperature variability identified in earlier studies may be underpinned by the positive influence of intra-annual temperature variability on temporal segregation of species within growing seasons. We found that nutrient enrichment increased seasonal β-diversity via increased turnover of species between early- and late-season communities. This finding mirrors patterns observed at inter-annual scales and suggests fertilization can alter compositional dynamics via similar mechanisms at varied temporal scales. Finally, fertilization reduced the abundance of C4 graminoids and legumes and eliminated intra-annual differences in these groups. In contrast, fertilization resulted in intra-annual differences in C3 graminoids which were not observed in control conditions, and increased abundance of C3 graminoids and annual forbs overall. Our study provides new insight into how intra-annual climate variability and nutrient enrichment influence biodiversity and seasonal dynamics in global grasslands.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Magda Garbowski , Elizabeth Boughton , Anne Ebeling , Philip Fay , Yann Hautier , Hanna Holz , Anke Jentsch , Stephanie Jurburg , Emma Ladouceur , Jason Martina , Timothy Ohlert , Xavier Raynaud , Christiane Roscher , Grégory Sonnier , Pedro Maximiliano Tognetti , Laura Yahdjian , Peter Wilfahrt , Stan Harpole

Date : 2023

Catégorie(s)

#CEREEP #CNRS #ENS

Résumé

Intraspecific variation in body size, both among populations and between sexes, is an important factor influencing life-history strategies. This variation might be the response to different environmental conditions, as well as natural and sexual selection, and can result in differences in behavior and reproductive strategies among populations. Here, we use the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) as a model to investigate how interpopulation variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism affects reproductive strategies. As body size increased, sexual size dimorphism also increased, i.e., females were larger than males, and more so in populations with overall larger frogs. This indicates that there is a stronger selection for body size in females than in males, likely as a response to divergent reproductive investment between the sexes. Females from larger-bodied populations produced larger clutches, but the overall number of froglets produced per clutch did not differ among populations. We discuss potential causes and mechanisms that might be responsible for the observed divergence in body size, sexual size dimorphism, and reproductive strategies among populations that likely represent local adaptations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cross-population studies, cautioning against drawing general conclusions about a species’ ecology without accounting for intraspecific variation.

Auteurs, date et publication :

Auteurs Lia Schlippe Justicia , Martin Mayer , Ugo Lorioux-Chevalier , Carolin Dittrich , Bibiana Rojas , Mathieu Chouteau

Publication : Evolutionary Ecology

Date : 2023

Catégorie(s)

#CNRS #FORET Nouragues