Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs François Mainié , Arnaud Huguet , Alice Breban , Gérard Lacroix , Christelle Anquetil , Sylvie Derenne
Date : 2025
Volume : 17
Catégorie(s)
#⛔ No DOI found #CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUARésumé
Finding more sustainable ways to produce food is a major challenge for humanity in the face of biodiversity extinction and climate change. Consequently, research on the ability of agroecosystems to provide multiple functions is growing. In this regard, the relative importance of organic farming and landscape-scale measures for improving multifunctionality has recently been debated. We investigated the effects of farming system (conventional vs. organic) at field scale, total length of hedgerows in the landscape and their interaction on the multifunctionality of 40 winter cereal fields in Brittany (France). Our multifunctionality assessment integrated 21 indicators of five agroecosystem goods: biodiversity conservation, nutrient cycling and soil structure, pest and disease regulation, food production and socio-economic performance. Many indicators of biodiversity conservation, pest and disease regulation, and socio-economic performance were higher in organic than in conventional systems. However, indicators of nutrient cycling and soil structure did not improve and food production was much lower in organic systems. Total hedgerow length in the landscape had less influence than organic farming on indicators, although we observed positive interactions. Granivorous carabid abundance and semi-net margin were highest in organic fields located in well-preserved hedgerow landscapes. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that field-scale organic farming is necessary to promote biodiversity conservation and associated ecological functioning in crop fields, whereas landscape-scale preservation of semi-natural habitats alone is likely insufficient. Preservation of hedgerows in the landscape brings additional ecological and socio-economic benefits for organic systems without compromising agricultural production. More broadly, our results call for more ambitious research into the myriad possible combinations of farming practices and agri-environmental measures at both field and landscape scales, to improve both below-ground and above-ground functioning.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Sébastien Boinot , Audrey Alignier , Stéphanie Aviron , Colette Bertrand , Nathalie Cheviron , Gwendoline Comment , Emma Jeavons , Cécile Le Lann , Samuel Mondy , Christian Mougin , Pierre-Antoine Précigout , Claire Ricono , Corinne Robert , Grégoire Saias , Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse , Cendrine Mony
Publication : Journal of Applied Ecology
Date : 2026
Volume : 62
Issue : 1
Pages : 53-63
Catégorie(s)
#BiochemEnv #CNRS #EcoGenO #GenosolRésumé
Agricultural intensification has been demonstrated to induce a loss of biodiversity. Despite the key role of symbiotic microorganisms in plant nutrition and protection, the impact of agricultural intensification on these microorganisms is not fully understood. Organic farming and field edges (as semi-natural elements) may promote a higher microbial diversity thanks to lower anthropic disturbance and higher plant diversity. We sampled wheat individuals in pairs of wheat fields (one organic and one conventional) along a distance gradient to the edges (hedgerow vs. grassy), in 20 landscape windows selected along an uncorrelated gradient of organic farming and hedgerow density. We demonstrated that organic farming shaped microbial composition and increased fungal and bacterial richness, while hedgerows had a neutral or negative effect on richness depending on the microbial phyla considered. In contrast to bacteria, fungal communities were heterogeneously distributed within fields, having a higher diversity for some phyla close to field edges. Overall we highlighted that fungi responded more to the field scale while bacteria were more affected by landscape scale. The effect of agricultural intensification on plant microbiota and therefore on the functions provided by microorganisms to the plants has to be considered at a multiple spatial scale—from field to landscape.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Claire Ricono , Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse , Stéphanie Aviron , Olivier Jambon , Sophie Michon-Coudouel , Romain Causse-Vedrines , Solène Mauger , Cendrine Mony
Publication : FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Date : 2022
Volume : 98
Issue : 3
Pages : fiac027
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #EcoGenO #Université de RennesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Clotilde Gimond , Richard Jovelin , Shery Han , Céline Ferrari , Asher D Cutter , Christian Braendle
Publication : Evolution
Date : 2025
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Rosanna Mangione , Jérémy Lemaire , Andrius Pasukonis
Publication : Herpetological Review
Date : 2025
Catégorie(s)
#⛔ No DOI found #CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
A large part of freshwater microorganism biodiversity is contained in the bromeliad ecosystem of the Neotropics, which form a multitude of small islands in a terrestrial matrix. While aquatic communities of bromeliads and their food-web organisation are relatively well documented, processes that shape diversity in such small water bodies remain largely understudied. Based on 217 bromeliad ecosystems from six sites located in French Guiana, we determined the factors that shape the diversity pattern of algal communities. We considered a broad range of environmental and ecological variables, including canopy openness, habitat characteristics, and invertebrate biomass, to identify the main drivers of algal community structure and biodiversity across bromeliads in a c. 25,000 km2 region. We found no evidence of random distribution or spatial structuring of algal communities. Algal biomass was mainly influenced by habitat size and complexity, particulate organic matter content, and light energy, while algal richness was primarily controlled by habitat size. Change in community structure as habitat size increases was driven by species turnover with increasing proportion of filamentous taxa. Our results indicate that, due to the large diversity of aquatic habitats they provide at a small spatial scale, bromeliads are critical ecosystems sustaining freshwater microorganism biodiversity.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Jean-François Carrias , Bruno Corbara , Céline Leroy , Régis Céréghino
Publication : Freshwater Biology
Date : 2025
Volume : 67
Issue : 6
Pages : 965-977
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Some parasites are known to bioaccumulate some environmental pollutants within their host. We hypothesized that these parasites may be beneficial for their hosts in polluted environments. We experimentally increased long-term (five weeks) exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, three levels: 0.1X, 1X, 10X environmental exposure) in European chubs (Squalius cephalus) that were naturally infected or uninfected with acanthocephalan parasites. We monitored PAHs levels in fish tissues, as well as oxidative stress, telomere length and condition indices. Although parasite infection did not significantly reduce the levels of PAHs and PAH metabolites in host tissues, host oxidative status was explained by parasitism and pollution levels. Oxidative damage increased with parasitism in fish exposed to low PAH levels (0.1X) but decreased in infected fish at higher PAH exposure (10X), thus corroborating our hypothesis. Meanwhile, antioxidant capacity did not differ in response to parasite infection nor PAHs exposure. Despite this imbalance in oxidative status, experimental increase in PAH levels did not compromise telomere length, body condition, or survival in infected and uninfected fish. This study provides the first experimental evidence that the outcome of host-parasite interactions can shift from negative to positive as pollutant exposure increases.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Noëlie Molbert , Simon Agostini , Fabrice Alliot , Frédéric Angelier , Clotilde Biard , Beatriz Decencière , Mathieu Leroux-Coyau , Alexis Millot , Cécile Ribout , Aurélie Goutte
Publication : Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Date : 2021
Volume : 219
Pages : 112322
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUARésumé
The Ponto-Caspian freshwater amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus has colonized most of the water bodies of continental Europe where it causes strong structural alterations in recipient communities that can lead to changes in ecosystem-level processes, mainly because of a strong predatory behaviour. Most of the D. villosus populations from the invaded range have been found infected with the co-introduced microsporidian parasite Cucumispora dikerogammari, known to decrease the predation rate of its host. Infection might thus mitigate the ecological impact of D. villosus and we wanted to test this assumption using the comparative functional response approach. We compared the relationship between resource use and resource availability (i.e. the functional response, FR) of D. villosus, either with infected individuals or not, to that of two non-invasive gammarids: Gammarus pulex and Echinogammarus berilloni. With infected individuals included, D. villosus displayed a higher FR than the two non-invasive gammarids. Although this effect was not significant, C. dikerogammari infection tended to alter the FR of D. villosus with a slight decrease in attack rate and handling time, resulting in a less steep initial slope and a higher asymptote, respectively. Removing infected D. villosus from the dataset did not affect the FR comparison with G. pulex but suppressed the difference in FR with E. berilloni. Although we cannot exclude the role of sample size reduction in this effect, this suggests that C. dikerogammari infection might increase the predation pressure on local prey populations in case of species replacement between D. villosus and E. berilloni. From a more general perspective, our study illustrates how parasites may alter our capacity to predict invasive species impacts from FR comparisons.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Corentin Iltis , Thierry Spataro , Rémi Wattier , Vincent Médoc
Publication : Biological Invasions
Date : 2018
Volume : 20
Issue : 3
Pages : 619-632
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Bibiana Rojas , Jennifer Devillechabrolle , John A Endler
Publication : Biology Letters
Date : 2025
Volume : 10
Issue : 6
Pages : 20140193
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are two important characteristics of alpine plants to overcome the threats caused by global changes. Among alpine species, Arabis alpina is characterised by an unusually wide altitudinal amplitude, ranging from 800 to 3,100 m of elevation in the French Alps. Two non-exclusive hypotheses can explain the presence of A. alpina across this broad ecological gradient: adaptive phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation, making this species especially useful to better understand these phenomena in alpine plant species. We carried out common garden experiments at two different elevations with maternal progenies from six sites that differed in altitude. We showed that (1) key phenotypic traits (morphotype, total fruit length, growth, height) display significant signs of local adaptation, (2) most traits studied are characterised by a high phenotypic plasticity between the two experimental gardens and (3) the two populations from the highest elevations lacked morphological plasticity compared to the other populations. By combining two genome scan approaches (detection of selection and association methods), we isolated a candidate gene (Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase 1). This gene was associated with height and local average temperature in our studied populations, consistent with previous studies on this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Synthesis. Given the nature of the traits involved in the detected pattern of local adaptation and the relative lack of plasticity of the two most extreme populations, our findings are consistent with a scenario of a locally adaptive stress response syndrome in high elevation populations. Due to a reduced phenotypic plasticity, an overall low intra-population genetic diversity of the adaptive traits and weak gene flow, populations of high altitude might have difficulties to cope with, e.g. a rise of temperature.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Pierre de Villemereuil , Médéric Mouterde , Oscar E. Gaggiotti , Irène Till‐Bottraud
Publication : Journal of Ecology
Date : 2025
Volume : 106
Issue : 5
Pages : 1952-1971