Résumé
Dans le cadre du programme Investissements d’avenir « Infrastructures nationales de biologie et santé» relatif à l’action « Santé et Biotechnologies » lancé en 2011 par le Commissariat Général à l’Investissement (CGI), le Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche et I ’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), le CNRS, l’INRA et l’UJF se sont associés pour déposer un projet intitulé « Analyse et Expérimentation sur les Ecosystèmes – Service (AnaEE-S) » devenu par la suite AnaEE France. La présente charte a pour objet de définir les modalités d’accès au service qui est proposé par l’Infrastructure AnaEE France et fixer les droits et obligations des utilisateurs.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marion Bousquet , Christine Schrive , André Chanzy , Jean-François Le Galliard , Christian Pichot , Jacques Roy , Thierry Caquet , Serge Aubert , Laurent Saint-André , Franck Delbart , Didier Azam , Cécile Callou , Berndt Zeller , Jean Clobert
Date : 2023
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Coordination AnaEE #INRAERésumé
Abstract. Saharan dust outbreaks have profound effects on ecosystems, climate, human health, and the cryosphere in Europe. However, the spatial deposition pattern of Saharan dust is poorly known due to a sparse network of ground measurements. Following the extreme dust deposition event of February 2021 across Europe, a citizen science campaign was launched to sample dust on snow over the Pyrenees and the European Alps. This somewhat improvised campaign triggered wide interest since 152 samples were collected from the snow in the Pyrenees, the French Alps, and the Swiss Alps in less than 4 weeks. Among the 152 samples, 113 in total could be analysed, corresponding to 70 different locations. The analysis of the samples showed a large variability in the dust properties and amount. We found a decrease in the deposited mass and particle sizes with distance from the source along the transport path. This spatial trend was also evident in the elemental composition of the dust as the iron mass fraction decreased from 11 % in the Pyrenees to 2 % in the Swiss Alps. At the local scale, we found a higher dust mass on south-facing slopes, in agreement with estimates from high-resolution remote sensing data. This unique dataset, which resulted from the collaboration of several research laboratories and citizens, is provided as an open dataset to benefit a large community and to enable further scientific investigations. Data presented in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7969515 (Dumont et al., 2022a).
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marie Dumont , Simon Gascoin , Marion Réveillet , Didier Voisin , François Tuzet , Laurent Arnaud , Mylène Bonnefoy , Montse Bacardit Peñarroya , Carlo Carmagnola , Alexandre Deguine , Aurélie Diacre , Lukas Dürr , Olivier Evrard , Firmin Fontaine , Amaury Frankl , Mathieu Fructus , Laure Gandois , Isabelle Gouttevin , Abdelfateh Gherab , Pascal Hagenmuller
Publication : Earth System Science Data
Date : 2023
Volume : 15
Issue : 7
Pages : 3075-3094
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
Weaning is a critical period for pigs. Some plant extracts showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or anti-bacterial properties, provided to piglets and/or their dam, may improve piglets' robustness at weaning, thus reducing the need for antobiotics. This study investigated the effects of a maternal and/or a direct supplementation of piglets with a combination of plant extracts on sow and piglet performance and their metabolic, immune, inflammatory and oxidative status during lactation and around weaning. Sixty-four sows were assigned to the control or treated group. Treated sows were supplemented with a powdered plant extracts supplement daily top-dressed on feed from day of gestation (DG) 106 to day of lactation (DL) 28 and a liquid solution top-dressed on feed on DG109. Within each sow group, litters were divided into two groups: a control piglet group and a treated piglet group. A single dose of a liquid solution was orally given to piglets in the treated piglet group. Piglets were weaned on DL28. Blood samples were collected from sows on DG94, DG112 and DL26 and from 2 piglets per litter on DL3, DL14, DL25 and 5 d post-weaning to analyze indicators of metabolic, immune, inflammatory and oxidative status. Colostrum and milk samples were collected at farrowing, DL6 and 26. Maternal supplementation had no effect on sow metabolic, immune, inflammatory and oxidative status except for fewer lymphocytes on DG112 (P < 0.05) and a lower plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids on DL26 (P < 0.05). Maternal supplementation tended to decrease dry matter and gross energy (P < 0.10) and reduced fat and haptoglobin concentrations (P < 0.01) in milk on DL26. Maternal supplementation had no effect on piglets' growth performance and blood indicators during lactation and around weaning. On DL25, the direct supplementation of piglets decreased their neutrophils proportion (P < 0.05), increased the expression of genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood culture in response to LPS (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease the oxidative stress index (P = 0.06). After weaning, these beneficial effects were no longer observed but the supplementation improved piglets' growth performance during the post-weaning period (P < 0.05). Plant extract supplementation could thus modify the composition of mammary secretions and improve post-weaning performance of piglets potentially related to the modification of their immune and oxidative status before weaning.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Lucile Herve , Hélène Quesnel , Amaury Greuter , Laurent Hugonin , Elodie Merlot , Nathalie Le Floc'h
Publication : Journal of Animal Science
Date : 2023
Pages : skad282
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #EcoGenO #Université de RennesRésumé
Electroporation is an increasingly common technique used for exogenous gene expression in live animals, but protocols are largely limited to traditional laboratory organisms. The goal of this protocol is to test
in vivo
electroporation techniques in a diverse array of tadpole species. We explore electroporation efficiency in tissue-specific cells of five species from across three families of tropical frogs: poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), cryptic forest/poison frogs (Aromobatidae), and glassfrogs (Centrolenidae). These species are well known for their diverse social behaviors and intriguing physiologies that coordinate chemical defenses, aposematism, and/or tissue transparency. Specifically, we examine the effects of electrical pulse and injection parameters on species- and tissue-specific transfection of plasmid DNA in tadpoles. After electroporation of a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), we found strong GFP fluorescence within brain and muscle cells that increased with the amount of DNA injected and electrical pulse number. We discuss species-related challenges, troubleshooting, and outline ideas for improvement. Extending
in vivo
electroporation to non-model amphibian species could provide new opportunities for exploring topics in genetics, behavior, and organismal biology.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Jesse Delia , Maiah Gaines-Richardson , Sarah C. Ludington , Najva Akbari , Cooper Vasek , Daniel Shaykevich , Lauren A. O’Connell , Michael Schubert
Publication : PLOS ONE
Date : 2023
Volume : 18
Issue : 8
Pages : e0289361
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
An R package to compute DO correction factors for HOBO sensors calibrations, and append new files to old files. Specifically written for PLANAQUA mesocosm lakes, at the CEREEP-Ecotron (France).
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Rosalie Bruel
Date : 2023
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUARésumé
The determinants of phyllosphere microbial communities are drawing much attention given their functional importance for their plant host fitness and health. Identifying these determinants remains challenging in neotropical forests, considering the diversity of the tree hosts and the strong vertical heterogeneity of abiotic conditions within the canopy and at the scale of the leaf. Here, we studied fungal and bacterial communities living in the endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere in tree species across vertical gradients, from the top of the canopy to the ground. We used DNA metabarcoding to characterize microbial communities and measured abiotic variables and foliar traits to characterize environmental heterogeneity. The assembly of fungal communities was more driven by deterministic processes compared with bacteria, with endo- and epiphytic communities being similarly shaped by the host identity and unmeasured parameters. In contrast, in bacterial communities, the relative importance of deterministic processes decreased from endophytic to epiphytic communities. Bacterial epi- and endophytic communities were partly and differently determined by the position within the canopy, the host identity, and leaf traits, suggesting an effect of the vertical gradient and a stronger selection in the inner tissues of the leaf than on its surface. The tree host exerts a selective pressure on microbial communities but the leaf as microhabitat also contributes significantly to the assembly of microbial communities. Discrepancies exist between fungi and bacteria that probably reflect different life-history traits and ecological strategies, emphasizing the need to study these communities jointly if we are to fully understand plant–phyllosphere interactions.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Heidy Schimann , Corinne Vacher , Sabrina Coste , Eliane Louisanna , Tania Fort , Lucie Zinger
Publication : Phytobiomes Journal
Date : 2023
Pages : PBIOMES-02-23-0013-R
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Earthworms are known to stimulate soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but
the majority of previous studies have used simplified model systems or
lacked continuous high-frequency measurements. To address this, we
conducted a two-year study using large lysimeters (5 m2 area and 1.5 m
soil depth) in an ecotron facility, continuously measuring ecosystem-level
CO2, N2O, and H2O fluxes. We investigated the impact of endogeic and
anecic earthworms on GHG emissions and ecosystem water use efficiency
(WUE) in a simulated agricultural setting. Although we observed transient
stimulations of carbon fluxes in the presence of earthworms, cumulative
fluxes over the study indicated no significant increase in CO2 emissions.
Endogeic earthworms reduced N2O emissions during the wheat culture
(-44.6%), but this effect was not sustained throughout the experiment. No
consistent effects on ecosystem evapotranspiration or WUE were found. Our
study suggests that earthworms do not significantly contribute to GHG
emissions over a two-year period in experimental conditions that mimic an
agricultural setting. These findings highlight the need for realistic
experiments and continuous GHG measurements.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Oswaldo Forey , Alexandru Milcu , Damien Landais , Joana Sauze , European Ecotron Of Montpellier*
Date : 2023
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Ecotron de MontpellierRésumé
Background The genus Camillea was created in 1849 from collections made in French Guiana with eight species included. Numerous species assigned to Camillea were subsequently discovered, especially in the forests of the Amazon basin, but new discoveries have not been reported from French Guiana since 1849. Recent fieldwork in French Guiana has begun to fill this gap by identifying five new species, most of which were collected in the vicinity of Saül village.
Results Based on macro- and micromorphological study of their stromata, including SEM images of ascospore wall ornamentation, five new species were recognized, including C. cribellum, C. heterostomoides, C. nitida, C. rogersii and C. saulensis. Cultures could be obtained for C. heterostomoides and C. rogersii, and ITS and LSU sequences were obtained for all of the five new species. Camillea heterostoma and its variety microspora were shown to be conspecific. Provisional molecular phylogenetic analyses support the possible reinstatement of Hypoxylon melanaspis, currently regarded as merely an applanate form of C. leprieurii.
Conclusion The current study is based on a relatively limited fieldwork in its duration and sampling area but was able to substantially increase the number of Camillea species known from French Guiana. This augurs an exceptional and still unknown diversity of the genus in this area and by extension in the adjacent neotropical forests.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Jacques Fournier , Huei-Mei Hsieh , Christian Lechat , Yu-Ming Ju , Delphine Chaduli , Anne Favel
Publication : Botanical Studies
Date : 2023
Volume : 64
Issue : 1
Pages : 31
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
The previously monotypic geometrid genus Achagua (Ennominae: Nacophorini) is reviewed following the discovery of three undescribed species. New species are as follows: A. cooperae n. sp. described from Costa Rica, A. magna n. sp. described from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; and Achagua velata n. sp. described from French Guiana. Available COI barcode data is briefly reviewed, and adult and genitalic illustrations are provided for each of the four known species.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Tanner A. Matson
Publication : Zootaxa
Date : 2023
Volume : 5352
Issue : 4
Pages : 565-576
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Increasing soil organic carbon contents contributes to global climate change mitigation. However, new plant inputs can enhance the mineralization of native soil organic carbon by the positive priming effect, which may counterbalance the sequestration of new carbon. Here we use soils from a 20 year chronosequence of inverted pasture soils (reciprocal translocation of topsoil and subsoil to >1 m) to study the dynamics of soil organic carbon in topsoils and subsoils. We evaluated the root-induced priming effect by differentiating native soil organic carbon from 13C root-derived carbon in a 6 month incubation experiment. We found that the addition of fresh root-derived carbon caused positive priming of native soil organic carbon in new topsoils (109 ± 27% additional respiration compared with controls without roots) and subsoils (331 ± 84%) after inversion. This effect was temporary for new topsoils as they accumulated soil organic carbon and adapted to high carbon inputs within a few years, leading to no priming in the long term. In contrast, buried topsoils became more sensitive to root carbon inputs over time, demonstrating how the legacy of high carbon inputs mediates the magnitude of priming (50% to 390% after 20 years of inversion). Overall, carbon losses with priming never exceeded new root-derived carbon inputs. We conclude that priming is a temporary reaction to additional carbon, which attenuates when soils adapt to high carbon inputs within a few years to decades.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marcus Schiedung , Axel Don , Michael H. Beare , Samuel Abiven
Publication : Nature Geoscience
Date : 2023
Volume : 16
Issue : 10
Pages : 909-914