Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs R Pessoa Maria do Céo , Claes Persson , Alexandre Antonelli , Maria Regina de V Barbosa
Publication : Check List
Date : 2025
Volume : 13
Pages : 159
Catégorie(s)
#⛔ No DOI found #CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Methods In a greenhouse experiment, soil legacy effects on Lolium perenne were examined, first under optimal conditions, and subsequently during and after drought. We used subalpine grassland soils previously cultivated for two years with grass communities of distinct functional composition, and subjected to combinations of climatic stress and simulated management.
Results The soil legacy of climatic stress increased biomass production of Lolium perenne and its resistance and recovery to a new drought. This beneficial effect resulted from higher nutrient availability in soils previously exposed to climatic stresses due to lower competitive abilities and resistance of microbial communities to a new drought. This negative effect on microbial communities was strongest in soils from previously cut and fertilized grasslands or dominated by conservative grasses.
Conclusion In subalpine grasslands more frequent climatic stresses could benefit fodder production in the short term, but threaten ecosystem functioning and the maintenance of traditional agricultural practices in the long term.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Nicolas Legay , Gabin Piton , Cindy Arnoldi , Lionel Bernard , Marie-Noëlle Binet , Bello Mouhamadou , Thomas Pommier , Sandra Lavorel , Arnaud Foulquier , Jean-Christophe Clément
Publication : Plant and Soil
Date : 2025
Volume : 424
Issue : 1-2
Pages : 233-254
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
The cessation of mowing in subalpine grasslands promotes the dominance of Festuca paniculata leading to the reduction in plant diversity. Moreover, it affects positively the abundance of Epichlo€e sp. inhabiting F. paniculata leaves and negatively the soil density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We explored how the cessation of mowing influences root AMF communities in F. paniculata and the neighboring plants, and Epichlo€e sp alkaloids. Thirteen AMF operational taxonomical units were found. The neighboring plants affected positively the abundances of Aalpin and GLOM_7 whereas the interaction plant/ management type influenced significantly Claroide_1, GLOM_1 and GLOM_7. The N-formylnorloline, produced by Epichlo€e sp. increased in unmown grassland. Hence, the cessation of mowing, coinciding with the high abundance of endophyte alkaloid, affected root-associated AMF with differential responses at the abundance level. The N-formylnorloline could be one compound underpinning the dynamic of plant diversity with a resulting structuration of AMF in subalpine grasslands.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Marie-Noëlle Binet , Diederik van Tuinen , Florence Souard , Lucile Sage , Sophie Périgon , Christiane Gallet , Nicolas Legay , Sandra Lavorel , Bello Mouhamadou
Publication : Fungal Ecology
Date : 2025
Volume : 25
Pages : 14-21
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Nina Dombrowski , Klaus Schlaeppi , Matthew T Agler , Stéphane Hacquard , Eric Kemen , Ruben Garrido-Oter , Jörg Wunder , George Coupland , Paul Schulze-Lefert
Publication : The ISME Journal
Date : 2025
Volume : 11
Issue : 1
Pages : 43-55
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Loïc Chalmandrier , Tamara Münkemüller , Marie-Pascale Colace , Julien Renaud , Serge Aubert , Bradley Z. Carlson , Jean-Christophe Clément , Nicolas Legay , Gilles Pellet , Amélie Saillard , Sébastien Lavergne , Wilfried Thuiller , Meghan Avolio
Publication : Journal of Ecology
Date : 2025
Volume : 105
Issue : 1
Pages : 277-287
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are ubiquitous and highly diverse in insects, serving as communication signal and waterproofing agent. Despite their vital function, the causes, mechanisms and constraints on CHC diversification are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated phylogenetic constraints on the evolution of CHC profiles, using a global data set of the species-rich and chemically diverse ant genus Crematogaster. We decomposed CHC profiles into quantitative (relative abundances, chain length) and qualitative traits (presence/absence of CHC classes). A species-level phylogeny was estimated using newly generated and previously published sequences from five nuclear markers. Moreover, we reconstructed a phylogeny for the chemically diverse Crematogaster levior species group using cytochrome oxidase I. Phylogenetic signal was measured for these traits on genus and clade level and within the chemically diverse C. levior group. For most quantitative CHC traits, phylogenetic signal was low and did not differ from random expectation. This was true on the level of genus, clade and species group, indicating that CHC traits are evolutionary labile. In contrast, the presence or absence of alkenes and alkadienes was highly conserved within the C. levior group. Hence, the presence or absence of biosynthetic pathways may be phylogenetically constrained, especially at lower taxonomic levels. Our study shows that CHC composition can evolve rapidly, allowing insects to quickly adapt their chemical profiles to external selection pressures, whereas the presence of biosynthetic pathways appears more constrained. However, our results stress the importance to consider the taxonomic level when investigating phylogenetic constraints.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs F. Menzel , T. Schmitt , B. B. Blaimer
Publication : Journal of Evolutionary Biology
Date : 2025
Volume : 30
Issue : 7
Pages : 1372-1385
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Predation on earthworms is common in some generalist predator species, as for example several ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) that frequently feed on earthworms. In spiders (Araneae), however, such behavior is far less well documented. A survey of reports on spiders feeding on earthworms yielded a total of 44 naturally occurring predation events. Spiders from 14 families were observed feeding on earthworms in nature, and species from two additional families consumed earthworm prey in captivity. Earthworm predation by spiders has been observed in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions in 18 different countries. Tropical spiders from the families Theraphosidae (Mygalomorphae) and Ctenidae (Araneomorphae) accounted for 59% of the reported predation events. Reports from French Guiana document the capture of giant earthworms (0.6–1 m in length) by the giant tarantula, Theraphosa blondi (Latreille, 1804). Predation on giant earthworms by large tarantulas has also been observed in rainforest habitats in Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are known to feed on earthworms in Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, and Singapore. Quite obviously, larger-sized mygalomorph and araneomorph spiders in humid tropical rainforests are predators with broad feeding niches—including earthworms and vertebrate prey in addition to arthropod prey—and this is presumed to improve the survival of these spiders. By comparison, reports of earthworm predation in temperate climate are rarer, and recent molecular studies of the diet composition of lycosid and linyphiid spider species in Swedish arable fields suggest that earthworms are not a common prey of these species.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Martin Nyffeler , Witold Lapinski , Andrew Snyder , Klaus Birkhofer
Publication : Journal of Arachnology
Date : 2025
Volume : 45
Issue : 2
Pages : 242-247
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
Hydraulic modelling is a primary tool to predict plant performance in future drier scenarios. However, as most tree models are validated under non-stress conditions, they may fail when water becomes limiting. To simulate tree hydraulic functioning under moist and dry conditions, the current version of a water flow and storage mechanistic model was further developed by implementing equations that describe variation in xylem hydraulic resistance (RX) and stem hydraulic capacitance (CS) with predawn water potential (Ψ PD). The model was applied in a Mediterranean forest experiencing intense summer drought, where six Quercus ilex trees were instrumented to monitor stem diameter variations and sap flow, concurrently with measurements of predawn and midday leaf water potential. Best model performance was observed when CS was allowed to decrease with decreasing Ψ PD. Hydraulic capacitance decreased from 62 to 25 kg mÀ3 MPaÀ1 across the growing season. In parallel, tree transpiration decreased to a greater extent than the capacitive water release and the contribution of stored water to transpiration increased from 2.0 to 5.1%. Our results demonstrate the importance of stored water and seasonality in CS for tree hydraulic functioning, and they suggest that CS should be considered to predict the drought response of trees with models.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Roberto L Salomón , Jean-Marc Limousin , Jean-Marc Ourcival , Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada , Kathy Steppe
Publication : Plant, Cell & Environment
Date : 2025
Volume : 40
Issue : 8
Pages : 1379-1391
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET PuechabonRésumé
1. Estimating forest above-ground biomass (AGB), or carbon (AGC), in tropical forests has become a major concern for scientists and stakeholders. However, AGB assessment procedures are not fully standardized and even more importantly, the uncertainty associated with AGB estimates is seldom assessed.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Maxime Réjou-Méchain , Ariane Tanguy , Camille Piponiot , Jérôme Chave , Bruno Hérault , Sarah Goslee
Publication : Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Date : 2025
Volume : 8
Issue : 9
Pages : 1163-1167
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesRésumé
In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most of which focussed on a limited set of ecosystem variables. The Jena Experiment was set up in 2002 to investigate the effects of plant diversity on element cycling and trophic interactions, using a multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review the results of 15 years of research in the Jena Experiment, focussing on the effects of manipulating plant species richness and plant functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from the plant diversity plots, the Jena Experiment has allowed answering fundamental questions important for functional biodiversity research.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Wolfgang W. Weisser , Christiane Roscher , Sebastian T. Meyer , Anne Ebeling , Guangjuan Luo , Eric Allan , Holger Beßler , Romain L. Barnard , Nina Buchmann , François Buscot , Christof Engels , Christine Fischer , Markus Fischer , Arthur Gessler , Gerd Gleixner , Stefan Halle , Anke Hildebrandt , Helmut Hillebrand , Hans de Kroon , Markus Lange
Publication : Basic and Applied Ecology
Date : 2025
Volume : 23
Pages : 1-73