Résumé
Understanding the factors underlying the distribution of biodiversity is a challenging issue in ecology. Here, we examined the distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity across the soil profile in three Quercus ilex forests. Contact exploration type strongly dominated at all sites, but was most prevalent in the upper, organic-rich soil layers. At each site, three quarters of the ectomycorrhizal tips and 59 % of taxa were restricted to the ten first centimeters of the soil profile. The relative abundance of the dominant family Russulaceae increased with increasing soil depth. Species composition varied significantly among sites, with most species being rare. Species that occurred in only one of the three sites accounted for 78.9 % of all species, and 57.3 % of species were represented by a single ECM root tip. Our results suggest that (i) rare species at both local and regional scales contribute to the highly diverse fungal assemblages in Mediterranean forests and (ii) multi-sites studies including the whole soil profile are needed to provide comprehensive overviews of the taxonomic and functional diversities of ectomycorrhizal communities.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Oula Shahin , Nicolas Martin-St Paul , Serge Rambal , Richard Joffre , Franck Richard
Publication : Symbiosis
Date : 2013
Volume : 61
Issue : 1
Pages : 1-12
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET PuechabonRésumé
Understanding how photosynthesis responds to the environment is crucial for improving plant production and maintaining biodiversity in the context of global change. Covering all aspects of photosynthesis, from basic concepts to methodologies, from the organelle to whole ecosystem levels, this is an integrated guide to photosynthesis in an environmentally dynamic context. Focusing on the ecophysiology of photosynthesis - how photosynthesis varies in time and space, responds and adapts to environmental conditions and differs among species within an evolutionary context - the book features contributions from leaders in the field. The approach is interdisciplinary and the topics covered have applications for ecology, environmental sciences, agronomy, forestry and meteorology. It also addresses applied fields such as climate change, biomass and biofuel production and genetic engineering, making a valuable contribution to our understanding of the impacts of climate change on the primary productivity of the globe and on ecosystem stability.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs F. Berninger , P. Streb , I. Ensminger
Date : 2012
Pages : 488-505
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Lautaret #UGARésumé
Abstract. Intraspecific trait variation has large effects on the ecosystem and is greatly affected by human activities. To date, most studies focused on single
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Beatriz Diaz Pauli , Eric Edeline , Charlotte Evangelista
Publication : Conservation Physiology
Date : 2020
Volume : 8
Issue : 1
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #CNRS #Ecotron IleDeFrance #ENSRésumé
Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes requires knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units whilst simultaneously measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimises border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments run so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Jacques Roy , François Rineau , Hans J. De Boeck , Ivan Nijs , Thomas Pütz , Samuel Abiven , John A. Arnone , Craig V. M. Barton , Natalie Beenaerts , Nicolas Brüggemann , Matteo Dainese , Timo Domisch , Nico Eisenhauer , Sarah Garré , Alban Gebler , Andrea Ghirardo , Richard L. Jasoni , George Kowalchuk , Damien Landais , Stuart H. Larsen
Publication : Global Change Biology
Date : 2025
Volume : 27
Issue : 7
Pages : 1387-1407
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #CNRS #Ecotron IleDeFrance #ENSRésumé
BACKGROUND: Within the root endosphere, fungi are known to be important for plant nutrition and resistance to stresses. However, description and understanding of the rules governing community assembly in the fungal fraction of the plant microbiome remains scarce.
METHODS: We used an innovative DNA- and RNA-based analysis of co-extracted nucleic acids to reveal the complexity of the fungal community colonizing the roots of an Agrostis stolonifera population. The normalized RNA/DNA ratio, designated the 'mean expression ratio', was used as a functional trait proxy. The link between this trait and phylogenetic relatedness was measured using the Blomberg's K statistic.
RESULTS: Fungal communities were highly diverse. Only ∼1.5% of the 635 OTUs detected were shared by all individuals, however these accounted for 33% of the sequence number. The endophytic fungal communities in plant roots exhibit phylogenetic clustering that can be explained by a plant host effect acting as environmental filter. The 'mean expression ratio' displayed significant but divergent phylogenetic signals between fungal phyla.
DISCUSSION: These results suggest that environmental filtering by the host plant favours the co-existence of related and similar OTUs within the Basidiomycota community assembly, whereas the Ascomycota and Glomeromycota communities seem to be impacted by competitive interactions which promote the co-existence of phylogenetically related but ecologically dissimilar OTUs.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Amandine Lê Van , Achim Quaiser , Marie Duhamel , Sophie Michon-Coudouel , Alexis Dufresne , Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
Publication : PeerJ
Date : 2025
Volume : 5
Pages : e3454
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #EcoGenO #Université de RennesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Régis Cereghino , Bruno Corbara , Céline Leroy , Jean-Francois Carrias
Publication : Hydrobiologia
Date : 2025
Volume : 847
Issue : 2
Pages : 391-402
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #FORET NouraguesAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Eric Edeline , Gérard Lacroix , Christine Delire , Nicolas Poulet , Stéphane Legendre
Publication : Global Change Biology
Date : 2025
Volume : 19
Issue : 10
Pages : 3062-3068
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUAAuteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Alexia Stokes , Sébastien Barot , Jean-Christophe Lata , Gérard Lacroix , Clive G. Jones , William J. Mitsch
Publication : Ecological Engineering
Date : 2025
Volume : 45
Pages : 1-4
Catégorie(s)
#CNRS #Ecotron IleDeFrance #ENS #PLANAQUARésumé
Size-selective mortality due to harvesting is a threat to numerous exploited species, but how it affects the ecosystem remains largely unexplored. Here, we used a pond mesocosm experiment to assess how evolutionary responses to opposite size-selective mortality interacted with the environment (fish density and light intensity used as a proxy of resource availability) to modulate fish populations, prey community composition and ecosystem functions. We used medaka (
Oryzias latipes
) previously selected over 10 generations for small size (harvest-like selection; small-breeder line) or large size (large-breeder line), which displayed slow somatic growth and early maturity or fast somatic growth and late maturity, respectively. Large-breeder medaka produced more juveniles, which seemed to grow faster than small-breeder ones but only under high fish density. Additionally, large-breeder medaka had an increased impact on some benthic prey, suggesting expanded diet breadth and/or enhanced foraging abilities. As a consequence, increased light stimulated benthic algae biomass only in presence of large-breeder medaka, which were presumably better at controlling benthic grazers. Aggregated effect sizes at the community and ecosystem levels revealed that the ecological effects of medaka evolution were of similar magnitude to those induced by the environment and fish introduction. These findings indicate the important environmental dependency of evolutionary response to opposite size-selective mortality on higher levels of biological organizations.
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Charlotte Evangelista , Julia Dupeu , Joakim Sandkjenn , Beatriz Diaz Pauli , Anders Herland , Jacques Meriguet , Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad , Eric Edeline
Publication : Royal Society Open Science
Date : 2025
Volume : 8
Issue : 10
Pages : 210842
Catégorie(s)
#ANR-Citation #CNRS #ENS #PLANAQUARésumé
AbstractBackground and Aims. Several widespread tree species of temperate forests, such as species of the genus Quercus, produce recalcitrant (desiccation-sens
Auteurs, date et publication :
Auteurs Thierry Joët , Jean-Marc Ourcival , Stéphane Dussert
Publication : Annals of Botany
Date : 2013
Volume : 111
Issue : 4
Pages : 693-701